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Shloka 23

Chapter 47: Krauñca-vyūha Deployment and Conch-Signals

Kaurava–Pāṇḍava Readiness

श्रूयते हि पुराकल्पे गुरूनननुमान्य यः । युध्यते स भवेद्‌ व्यक्तमपध्यातो महत्तरै:

śrūyate hi purākalpe gurūn ananumānya yaḥ | yudhyate sa bhaved vyaktam apadhyāto mahattaraiḥ ||

“பண்டைய காலத்தில், குருமார்களின் அனுமதி பெறாமல் போரில் இறங்குபவன், அந்த மதிப்பிற்குரிய பெரியோரின் பார்வையில் நிச்சயமாக ஒழுக்கம் தவறியவனாகக் கருதப்படுவான் என்று கேள்விப்படுகிறோம்.”

श्रूयतेis heard / is said
श्रूयते:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
FormLat, Atmanepada, Karmani, Prathama, Eka
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पुराformerly / in olden times
पुरा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
कल्पेin an age / in a former time-cycle
कल्पे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकल्प (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPum, Saptami, Eka
गुरून्elders/teachers (as objects of respect)
गुरून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPum, Dvitiya, Bahu
अननुमान्यwithout having obtained consent/approval (of)
अननुमान्य:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअननुमान्य (कृदन्त; √मन्/मन्-धातु with anu + na, gerundive/absolutive sense in context)
FormPum, Dvitiya, Bahu
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPum, Prathama, Eka
युध्यतेfights
युध्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध् (धातु)
FormLat, Atmanepada, Kartari, Prathama, Eka
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPum, Prathama, Eka
भवेत्would become / becomes (as a rule)
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
FormVidhi-lin, Parasmaipada, Kartari, Prathama, Eka
व्यक्तम्clearly / certainly
व्यक्तम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootव्यक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
अपध्यातःdisapproved / looked down upon
अपध्यातः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपध्यात (कृदन्त; √ध्यै/ध्याय् with apa-, past participle)
FormPum, Prathama, Eka
महत्तरैःby the elders / by the greater ones
महत्तरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहत्तर (प्रातिपदिक; comparative of महत्)
FormPum, Trtiya, Bahu

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
guravaḥ (elders/teachers)
M
mahattaraḥ (venerable great persons)

Educational Q&A

Even in warfare, dharma requires deference to legitimate authority: one should not take up battle on one’s own impulse but seek the sanction of elders/teachers; otherwise one incurs moral censure and loss of standing among the wise.

Sañjaya invokes an old, well-known precedent to frame the ethical norms of fighting—reminding that acting without the approval of revered seniors was traditionally condemned—thereby commenting on proper conduct amid the unfolding war.