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Shloka 35

तमोगुण-निरूपण

Analysis of Tamas and its Marks

कोन्वेतद्‌ बुध्यते साधु कोन्वेतत्‌ साधु पश्यति । अतत्त्वे तत्त्वदर्शी यस्तमसस्तत्त्वलक्षणम्‌,जो अतत्त्वमें तत्त्व-दृष्टि रखनेवाला है, ऐसा कौन-सा मनुष्य इस विषयको अच्छी तरह देख और समझ सकता है? यह विपरीत दृष्टि ही तमोगुणकी यथार्थ पहचान है

ko nv etad budhyate sādhu ko nv etat sādhu paśyati | atattve tattvadarśī yas tamasas tattvalakṣaṇam ||

வாயு கூறினார்—இதைச் சரியாக யார் உணர முடியும்? யார் முறையாகக் காண முடியும்? உண்மையல்லாததில் உண்மையைக் காணும் அந்தத் தலைகீழ் பார்வை—அதுவே தமோகுணத்தின் உண்மையான அடையாளம்.

कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नुindeed/then (emphatic particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
एतत्this (thing)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बुध्यतेunderstands/realizes
बुध्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormLat, Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Active (middle endings)
साधुwell/properly
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नुindeed/then (emphatic particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
एतत्this (thing)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
साधुwell/properly
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु
पश्यतिsees/perceives
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
FormLat, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular, Active
अतत्त्वेin the non-truth/unreality
अतत्त्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तत्त्वदर्शीone who sees truth (truth-seer)
तत्त्वदर्शी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्त्वदर्शिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho/that (relative)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तमसःof darkness/ignorance (tamas)
तमसः:
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
तत्त्वलक्षणम्the true characteristic/mark
तत्त्वलक्षणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्वलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva (Wind-god)
T
tamas (tamo-guṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines tamas as a reversal of discernment: taking the unreal as real and misperceiving truth. It warns that ethical and spiritual clarity depends on correct discrimination (seeing things as they are), and that delusion itself can masquerade as ‘certainty’ or ‘insight’.

Vāyudeva is speaking, reflecting on how difficult it is for people to truly understand and perceive a subtle moral-spiritual point. He characterizes the state of confusion—where one confidently ‘sees truth’ in what is not truth—as the hallmark of tamas.