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Shloka 12

उपवासविधि-प्रश्नः

Inquiry into the Discipline of Fasting

भ्रातृणामविभक्तानामुत्थानमपि चेत्‌ सह | न पुत्रभागं विषमं पिता दद्यात्‌ कदाचन

bhrātṝṇām avibhaktānām utthānam api cet saha | na putrabhāgaṁ viṣamaṁ pitā dadyāt kadācana ||

சகோதரர்கள் இன்னும் பங்கீடு செய்யாமல், அனைவரும் சேர்ந்து உழைத்து குடும்பச் செல்வத்தை வளர்த்திருந்தால், தந்தை உயிருடன் இருக்கும்போதே அவர்கள் பிரிய விரும்பினாலும் தந்தை மகன்களுக்கு ஒருபோதும் சமமற்ற பங்குகளை வழங்கக் கூடாது; அனைவருக்கும் சம பங்கையே வழங்க வேண்டும்.

भ्रातृणाम्of brothers
भ्रातृणाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अविभक्तानाम्undivided (not partitioned)
अविभक्तानाम्:
Visheshana (of भ्रातृणाम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootअविभक्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
उत्थानम्rise, prosperity, improvement
उत्थानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउत्थान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
सहtogether
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुत्रभागम्a son's share (inheritance portion)
पुत्रभागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रभाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विषमम्unequal
विषमम्:
Karma (predicate adjective of पुत्रभागम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootविषम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कदाचनever, at any time
कदाचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
F
father (pitā)
S
sons (putra)
B
brothers (bhrātṛ)

Educational Q&A

In a joint (undivided) family where brothers have jointly increased wealth, the father must not create inequality at the time of separation; he should allot equal shares to all sons, upholding fairness and preventing partiality.

Bhīṣma is instructing on dharma related to household and inheritance norms: if sons who have lived and prospered together seek partition during the father’s lifetime, the father’s duty is to distribute property without favoritism, ensuring equal portions.