Shloka 27

Devotpatti-nirūpaṇa — Hari’s Pūrṇatva

Completeness) and the Ritual Doctrine of Sāra (Essence

Devanagari script

त्रियामानन्तरं शाका निः साराः परिकीर्तिताः / जंबीरं शृङ्गबेरे धात्री कर्पूरं च चूतकम्

Transliteration

triyāmānantaraṃ śākā niḥ sārāḥ parikīrtitāḥ / jaṃbīraṃ śṛṅgabere dhātrī karpūraṃ ca cūtakam

Translation

மூன்று யாமங்கள் கடந்தபின் காய்கறிகள் சாரமற்றவை எனக் கூறப்படுகின்றன. அதுபோல ஜம்பீரம் (சிட்ரான்), ஶ்ருங்கபேரம் (சுக்கு), தாத்ரீ (நெல்லிக்காய்), கற்பூரம், சூதகம் (மாம்பழம்) ஆகியனவும் இங்கு குறிப்பிடப்படுகின்றன।

Word by Word

• त्रियामानन्तरम्: after three yāmas
• त्रियामानन्तरम्: अधिकरण (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्रि + याम + अनन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, कालवाचक; तत्पुरुष (त्रयः यामाः तेषाम् अनन्तरम्)

• शाकाः: vegetables/greens
• शाकाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine; collective usage), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• निः: without; devoid of
• निः: विशेषण-निर्माण (Qualifier formation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: निः (अव्यय/उपसर्ग)
• Form: अव्यय, उपसर्ग/पूर्वसर्ग (prefix used adverbially here)

• साराः: having essence (here: with निः → without essence)
• साराः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (predicate adjective with निः)

• परिकीर्तिताः: are proclaimed/said to be
• परिकीर्तिताः: क्रिया (Predicate; passive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-कीर्त् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त—भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• जम्बीरम्: lemon/citron
• जम्बीरम्: कर्म/उद्देश्य (Item listed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जम्बीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• शृङ्गबेरे: dry ginger (śṛṅgavera)
• शृङ्गबेरे: कर्म/उद्देश्य (Item listed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शृङ्गबेर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन (Dual) (lexical dual usage for the plant-name)

• धात्री: āmalakī (Indian gooseberry)
• धात्री: कर्म/उद्देश्य (Item listed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धात्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• कर्पूरम्: camphor
• कर्पूरम्: कर्म/उद्देश्य (Item listed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्पूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordinator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• चूतकम्: mango product/preparation (cūtaka)
• चूतकम्: कर्म/उद्देश्य (Item listed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चूतक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Vegetables lose sāra after tri-yāma; listed items are included in the same evaluative context

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Certain foods and aromatics are time-sensitive; after set yāmas they lose sāra, affecting suitability for sacred use.

Vedantic Theme: Guṇa-kṣaya under kāla; discernment (viveka) in selecting upādhis for ritual action.

Application: Use fresh vegetables and specified aromatics appropriately; avoid stale produce in rites and sacred feeding.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.14.25–29 (continuation of kāla-based sāra rules).

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu

FAQs

What is the importance of ‘three yāmas’ in Garuda Purana food rules?

This verse uses the ‘three yāmas’ time-mark to state that vegetables are regarded as niḥsāra (lacking essence) after that period, implying timing matters for maintaining the perceived potency/purity of offerings.

How does this verse connect to Garuda Purana death rituals like śrāddha and piṇḍa-dāna?

In Preta Kanda contexts, such statements support practical guidelines on what and when to offer—emphasizing that offerings should be made with items considered ‘substantial/fit’ within prescribed time windows.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

If performing śrāddha or related rites, follow traditional timing and consult a knowledgeable priest/family tradition regarding suitable ingredients—this verse highlights that time affects the suitability (sāratā) of food items for ritual use.