Shloka 29

Śrāddha Vidhi (Pārvaṇa-Śrāddha): Invitations, Arghya, Protective Rites, Piṇḍa Offering, Dakṣiṇā, and Visarjana

सौमनस्यमस्तु / अस्त्वित्युक्ते प्रदत्तपिण्डस्थाने अर्घ्यार्थपवित्रमोचनम् / कुशपवित्रं गृहीत्वातेन कुशेन पित्रादिब्राह्मणं स्पृष्ट्वा स्वधां वाचयिष्ये-ॐ वाच्यतां-ॐ पितृपितामहेभ्यो यथानामशर्मभ्यः सपत्नीकेभ्यः स्वधोच्यताम् / अस्तुस्वधा इत्युक्ते ऊर्जं वहन्तीरमृतं घृतमिति पिण्डोपरि वारिधारां दद्यात्

saumanasyamastu / astvityukte pradattapiṇḍasthāne arghyārthapavitramocanam / kuśapavitraṃ gṛhītvātena kuśena pitrādibrāhmaṇaṃ spṛṣṭvā svadhāṃ vācayiṣye-oṃ vācyatāṃ-oṃ pitṛpitāmahebhyo yathānāmaśarmabhyaḥ sapatnīkebhyaḥ svadhocyatām / astusvadhā ityukte ūrjaṃ vahantīramṛtaṃ ghṛtamiti piṇḍopari vāridhārāṃ dadyāt

“ஸௌமனஸ்யமஸ்து” என்று கூற வேண்டும். அவர்கள் “அஸ்து” என்று சொன்னவுடன், பிண்டம் அர்ப்பணித்த இடத்தில் அர்க்யத்திற்காக அணிந்திருந்த குசபவித்ரத்தை (குச வளையம்) அகற்ற வேண்டும். குசபவித்ரத்தை எடுத்துக் கொண்டு, அந்தக் குசத்தால் பித்ரு-பிரதிநிதி பிராமணரைத் தொடச் செய்து ஸ்வதா-வாசனத்தைச் சொல்லச் செய்ய வேண்டும்—“ஓம் வாச்யதாம். ஓம் பித்ரு-பிதாமஹர்களுக்காக, அமுக-அமுக நாமதாரிகள் (சர்மன் முடிவுடையோர்) அவர்களுக்கும், அவர்களின் மனைவியருடன், ஸ்வதா உச்சரிக்கப்படுக.” “அஸ்து ஸ்வதா” என்றபின் “ஊர்ஜம் வஹந்தீ, அம்ருதம், க்ருதம்” என்று ஜபித்து பிண்டத்தின் மீது நீர்தாரை விட வேண்டும்.

saumanasyamgood cheer, auspiciousness
saumanasyam:
Karta (कर्ता) / predicate-noun in blessing
TypeNoun
Rootsaumanasya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
astulet it be
astu:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (अस् धातु)
FormImperative/benedictive sense (लोट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
astulet it be
astu:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (अस् धातु)
Formलोट्, 3rd person, Singular
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) / quotation marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (इति अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (उद्धरणार्थक अव्यय)
uktewhen said
ukte:
Kāla/Avadhi (काल/अवधि)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Locative Singular (सप्तमी एकवचन), Neuter/impersonal; ‘when (it is) said’
pradattagiven, offered
pradatta:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra+da (दा धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), used in compound; ‘given/placed’
piṇḍa-sthānein the place of the rice-ball offering
piṇḍa-sthāne:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpiṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक) + sthāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी) Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘at the place of the piṇḍa’
arghya-artha-pavitra-mocanamremoval of the sanctifying ring/grass for offering arghya
arghya-artha-pavitra-mocanam:
Karma (कर्म) / procedural act
TypeNoun
Rootarghya (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक) + pavitra (प्रातिपदिक) + mocana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular; multi-member tatpuruṣa: ‘release/removal of the pavitra for arghya-purpose’
kuśa-pavitramkuśa sanctifying ring/grass
kuśa-pavitram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkuśa (प्रातिपदिक) + pavitra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया) Singular; ‘kuśa-made pavitra (ring/grass)’
gṛhītvāhaving taken
gṛhītvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgrah (ग्रह् धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा); ‘having taken’
tenawith that
tena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया) Singular, Neuter/Masculine; ‘by/with that’
kuśenawith kuśa grass
kuśena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkuśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd) Singular
pitr-ādi-brāhmaṇamthe brāhmaṇa representing the ancestors
pitr-ādi-brāhmaṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (आदि अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + brāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd) Singular; tatpuruṣa: ‘brāhmaṇa (representing) fathers etc.’
spṛṣṭvāhaving touched
spṛṣṭvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootspṛś (स्पृश् धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा); ‘having touched’
svadhāmSvadhā (ancestral oblation-formula)
svadhām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsvadhā (स्वधा प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd) Singular
vācayiṣyeI will have (it) recited
vācayiṣye:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु) [causative]
FormCausative (णिच्), Future (लृट्), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular; ‘I shall cause (it) to be recited’
oṃOm
oṃ:
Mantra-marker (मन्त्रचिह्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootoṃ (ॐ अव्यय)
FormSacred syllable (मङ्गल/प्रणव)
vācyatāmlet it be recited
vācyatām:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormImperative passive (लोट्, कर्मणि), 3rd person, Singular; ‘let it be recited’
oṃOm
oṃ:
Mantra-marker (मन्त्रचिह्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootoṃ (ॐ अव्यय)
FormPranava
pitṛ-pitāmahebhyaḥto the fathers and grandfathers
pitṛ-pitāmahebhyaḥ:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + pitāmaha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी) Plural; dvandva: ‘to the fathers and grandfathers’
yathā-nāma-śarmabhyaḥto (those) named …śarman, as per their names
yathā-nāma-śarmabhyaḥ:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootyathā (अव्यय) + nāma (प्रातिपदिक) + śarman (शर्मन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Dative Plural; tatpuruṣa with avyaya-prefix: ‘to those (ancestors) bearing the name …śarman, as per name’
sapatnīkebhyaḥtogether with their wives
sapatnīkebhyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of recipients
TypeAdjective
Rootsa-patnīka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Dative Plural; bahuvrīhi: ‘having wives (along with their wives)’
svadhāSvadhā
svadhā:
Karma (कर्म) / uttered formula
TypeNoun
Rootsvadhā (स्वधा प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st) Singular (used as mantra-word)
ucyatāmlet it be uttered
ucyatām:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormImperative passive (लोट्, कर्मणि), 3rd person, Singular; ‘let it be said’
astulet it be
astu:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (अस् धातु)
Formलोट्, 3rd person, Singular
svadhāSvadhā
svadhā:
Karma (कर्म) / uttered formula
TypeNoun
Rootsvadhā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative Singular (mantra-word)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle
uktewhen said
ukte:
Kāla/Avadhi (काल/अवधि)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
Formक्त (PPP), Locative Singular; ‘when said’
ūrjamnourishment, strength
ūrjam:
Karma (कर्म) / recited content
TypeNoun
Rootūrj (ऊर्ज्/ऊर्जा प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd) Singular; used as mantra-word
vahantīmcarrying, bringing
vahantīm:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvah (वह् धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Feminine Accusative Singular; qualifying ūrj/amṛta etc. in mantra
amṛtamnectar, immortality
amṛtam:
Karma (कर्म) / recited content
TypeNoun
Rootamṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular (mantra-word)
ghṛtamghee
ghṛtam:
Karma (कर्म) / recited content
TypeNoun
Rootghṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative Singular (mantra-word)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle
piṇḍa-upariupon the piṇḍa
piṇḍa-upari:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpiṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक) + upari (उपरि अव्यय)
FormAdverbial postposition (उपरि) with noun; sense: ‘upon the piṇḍa’
vāri-dhārāma stream of water
vāri-dhārām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvāri (प्रातिपदिक) + dhārā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative Singular; tatpuruṣa: ‘stream of water’
dadyātshould offer/pour
dadyāt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (दा धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person, Singular; ‘should give/pour’

Lord Vishnu instructing Garuda (Vinata-putra) on śrāddha/pinda-dāna procedure

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Śrāddha sequence after piṇḍa-pradāna at the piṇḍa-sthāna; during svadhā-vācana and tarpana over piṇḍa

Concept: Pitṛ-yajña through svadhā and nourishing libations; ritual purity (pavitra/kuśa) and correct address (yathānāma) sustain ancestral connection.

Vedantic Theme: ṛṇa-traya (deva-ṛṣi-pitṛ debts) and karma-sambandha; dharma as a purifier that supports sattva and remembrance.

Application: In śrāddha, remove/replace pavitra correctly, touch the pitṛ-brāhmaṇa with kuśa as a ritual conduit, invoke svadhā naming ancestors with spouses, and pour a steady water-stream over the piṇḍa with the stated mantra.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Type: gṛhya-śrāddha-sthāna / yajña-sthāna

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa/Śrāddha-khaṇḍa: svadhā-ucchāraṇa, piṇḍa-tarpaṇa, kuśa-pavitra procedures (adjacent verses in 1.218)

P
Pitris
P
Pitamahas
B
Brahmana (as Pitṛ-representative)

FAQs

This verse shows svadhā as the formal acceptance-formula for offerings to the Pitṛs; it marks the offering as directed to ancestors (not devas) and completes the piṇḍa-dāna sequence with proper ritual speech.

After the svadhā is pronounced and accepted (“astu svadhā”), one pours a continuous stream of water over the piṇḍa while reciting words that frame the offering as nourishment (ūrj), nectar (amṛta), and ghee-like sustenance (ghṛta) for the ancestors.

Even in simplified śrāddha practice, maintain clarity of intention—offer respectfully to ancestors, use correct mantras (or their understood meaning), and complete the rite with a water offering as a symbol of sustenance and remembrance.