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Shloka 25

Nīti on Friendship (Mitra), Discretion, Restraint, Health-Regimens, Prosperity (Śrī), and Family Dharma

Devanagari script

वृद्धाः स्त्रियो नवं मद्यं शुष्कं मांसं त्रिमूलकम् / रात्रौ दधि दिवा स्वप्नं विद्वान्षट् परिवर्जयेत्

Transliteration

vṛddhāḥ striyo navaṃ madyaṃ śuṣkaṃ māṃsaṃ trimūlakam / rātrau dadhi divā svapnaṃ vidvānṣaṭ parivarjayet

Translation

அறிஞன் இவ்வாறு ஆறையும் விலக்க வேண்டும்—முதிய பெண்களின் சங்கம், புதிதாகச் செய்த மதுபானம், உலர்ந்த மாமிசம், த்ரிமூலகம் எனும் மூலிகைத் தொகுப்பு, இரவில் தயிர், பகலில் உறக்கம்.

Word by Word
वृद्धाःold people
वृद्धाः:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
स्त्रियःwomen
स्त्रियः:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
नवम्new; fresh
नवम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (to मद्यम्)
मद्यम्liquor; alcohol
मद्यम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
शुष्कम्dry
शुष्कम्:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुष्क (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (to मांसम्)
मांसम्meat
मांसम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमांस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
त्रिमूलकम्the ‘three-root’ preparation (trimūlaka)
त्रिमूलकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + मूलक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (त्रीणि मूलानि यस्य)
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन (वैकल्पिक-रूप: रात्रौ)
दधिcurd; yogurt
दधि:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
दिवाby day; in daytime
दिवा:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)
स्वप्नम्sleep
स्वप्नम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वप्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
विद्वान्a wise person
विद्वान्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस् (प्रातिपदिक; √विद् + वस्)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
षट्six (things)
षट्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootषष् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Form(सामान्यतः) प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचनार्थे; संख्या-शब्दः (numeral)
परिवर्जयेत्should avoid
परिवर्जयेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि√वृज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: A wise person avoids specific associations and consumptions that disturb health, judgment, and ethical steadiness.

Vedantic Theme: Sattva-protection: guarding the mind through regulated diet, sleep, and company to support higher aims.

Application: Avoid intoxicants and improper timing/combination of foods; regulate sleep; be discerning about company that destabilizes vows or focus.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.114.28 (day-sleep and night-wakefulness as disease-causes); Garuda Purana 1.114.26 (food in indigestion as poison)

FAQs

The verse frames dharmic living as practical restraint—avoiding specific foods, intoxicants, and habits that disturb clarity, health, and disciplined conduct.

Indirectly: by prescribing disciplined living, it supports sattvic habits believed to strengthen virtue (puṇya) and reduce actions that lead to suffering in post-death states described elsewhere in the text.

Avoid intoxicants and disruptive routines, keep moderation in diet, and maintain consistent sleep habits—using restraint as a foundation for ethical and spiritual practice.

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