Vamana Purana — Caturmasya Observances, Shloka 39

The Cāturmāsya Observances and the Sleeping–Awakening Cycle of the Gods (Hari–Hara Worship)

Devanagari script

स भानुना तदा दृष्टः क्रोधाध्मातेन चत्रुषा निपपाताम्बराद् भ्रष्टः क्षीणपुण्य इव ग्रहः

Transliteration

sa bhānunā tadā dṛṣṭaḥ krodhādhmātena catruṣā nipapātāmbarād bhraṣṭaḥ kṣīṇapuṇya iva grahaḥ

Translation

स तदा भानुना दृष्टः क्रोधाध्मातचक्षुषा; अम्बराद् भ्रष्टो निपपात क्षीणपुण्य इव ग्रहः।

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• bhānunā: by Bhānu (the Sun)
• bhānunā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhānu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन

• tadā: then
• tadā: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb: then)

• dṛṣṭaḥ: was seen
• dṛṣṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु) + क्त (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि: ‘was seen’

• krodha: anger
• krodha: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासपूर्वपद (in compound)

• adhmātena: swollen
• adhmātena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ā + dhmā (धातु) + क्त (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त), पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसक, तृतीया, एकवचन; ‘inflated/swollen’

• krodhādhmātena: swollen with anger
• krodhādhmātena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक) + adhmāta (कृदन्त)
• Form: तृतीया-तत्पुरुषः (‘swollen with anger’), तृतीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying catruṣā)

• cakṣuṣā: with (his) eye/gaze
• cakṣuṣā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cakṣus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन

• nipapāta: fell
• nipapāta: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni + pat (धातु)
• Form: लिट्/परस्मैपद? (actually लङ्/लिट् ambiguity in epic); here treated as लिट् (perfect) 3rd/प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘fell down’

• ambara: from the sky
• ambara: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ambara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; in sandhi with -āt

• ambarāt: from the sky
• ambarāt: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ambara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन

• bhraṣṭaḥ: fallen
• bhraṣṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhraṃś (धातु) + क्त (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘fallen down’

• kṣīṇa: diminished
• kṣīṇa: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣi (धातु) + क्त (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त), समासपूर्वपद

• puṇya: merit
• puṇya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, समासोत्तरपद; ‘merit’

• kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ: with exhausted merit
• kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣīṇa (कृदन्त) + puṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (‘whose merit is diminished’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying grahaḥ)

• iva: like
• iva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमावाचक अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• grahaḥ: planet
• grahaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: graha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the Purāṇic dialogue framework (commonly Pulastya → Nārada; specific speaker not explicit in the provided excerpt)

Key Themes

• Karma and puṇya-kṣaya imagery
• Fall motif
• Daitya-Deva Conflict
• Psychology of anger

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Status (even ‘celestial’ stature) is unstable when puṇya is exhausted; anger further distorts perception and accelerates decline—an ethical warning against krodha and a reminder of karmic causality.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

Vamśānucarita-style episodic narration with didactic karmic simile; it is not cosmological creation but moralized ‘itihāsa-like’ storytelling within the Purāṇa.

What is the symbolic significance?

The ‘planet fallen due to depleted merit’ simile maps cosmic order onto moral order: celestial regularity corresponds to dharma/puṇya, while deviation (fall) signifies adharma or merit-loss.