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Mantra 1

Aindra dawn-invocation: cosmic awakening and the joint victory-power of Indra–Agni

Rishi: Unspecified in input (commonly RV attribution: Indrāgnī hymn seer per Anukramaṇī)
Devata: Indrāgnī (Indra and Agni)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable RV source-metre)
Devanagari Script

तोशा वृत्रहणा हुवे सजित्वानापराजिता इन्द्राग्नी वाजसातमा

Samhita Patha

tośā vṛtrahaṇā huve sajitvānāparājitā indrāgnī vājasātamā

Transliteration

tośā1 vṛtrahaṇā2 huve3 sajitvānā1parājitā2 indrāgnī3 vājasātamā1

Translation

तोषा वृत्रहणौ हुवे सजित्वानौ अपराजितौ इन्द्राग्नी वाजसातमौ।

Pada Patha (Word Analysis)

tośā | vṛtra-haṇā | huve | sa-jitvānā | a-parājitā | indra-agnī | vāja-sātamā

Word by Word
तोशाwith satisfaction; for delight
तोशा:
Karaṇa (हेतु/भाव-करण: ‘तोषपूर्वक/तोषाय’)
TypeNoun
Rootतोशा (प्रातिपदिक; √तुष् ‘तोषणे/सन्तोषे’ से भाव)
वृत्रहणाO Vṛtra-slayers
वृत्रहणा:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootवृत्रहन् (प्रातिपदिक; वृत्र + √हन् ‘हनने’)
हुवेI invoke
हुवे:
Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√हू (ह्वयति/जुहोति-परम्परा; ‘आह्वाने’)
सजित्वानाO jointly victorious ones
सजित्वाना:
Viśeṣaṇa (of the addressed deities)
TypeAdjective (participle)
Rootसजित्वान् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √जि ‘जये’ + सम्-)
अपराजिताO unconquered ones
अपराजिता:
Viśeṣaṇa (of the addressed deities)
TypeAdjective
Rootअपराजित (प्रातिपदिक; a- + पराजित ‘defeated’)
इन्द्राग्नीO Indra and Agni
इन्द्राग्नी:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeNoun (dual deity name)
Rootइन्द्राग्नि (द्वन्द्व-समास; इन्द्र + अग्नि)
वाजसातमाO best winners/best givers of prizes
वाजसातमा:
Viśeṣaṇa (of the addressed deities)
TypeAdjective (superlative epithet)
Rootवाजसातम (प्रातिपदिक; वाज ‘prize/strength’ + सातम ‘most winning/most bestowing’)
Sāman Melody Name

Indrāgnīya (Uttarārcika tune-class; exact gāna-name varies by śākhā)

Vocal Structure

{ "prastava": "(Stobha-led opening typical for Indrāgnīya class; often with elongated o/ā elements before the text)", "udgitha": "tośā vṛtrahaṇā huve sajitvānāparājitā", "pratihara": "(responsive reprise focusing on indrāgnī)", "upadrava": "indrāgnī vājasātamā", "nidhana": "(cadential prolongation on -tamā with closing stobha)", "structure_notes": "Kauthuma sāman performance commonly redistributes the verse: epithets form the udgītha body; deity-name and boon-word serve as cadence points.", "singer_assignments": "Prastotṛ: prastāva; Udgātṛ: udgītha + upadrava; Pratihartṛ: pratihāra; all three: nidhana (with shared cadence)." }

Sāyaṇa Commentary

{ "gloss_summary": "tośā = stutiḥ tṛpti-hetuḥ; vāja = annabala-lakṣaṇa, yajña-phala; indrāgnī are co-deities in Soma-yāga.", "ritual_interpretation": "Prayoga-bheda: Indra linked with śastra portions, Agni with stotra portions; the verse supports coordinated deployment of recitation and song in the rite.", "theological_insight": "Divine power is ‘paired’: conquest of obstruction and sanctification of offering are inseparable for yajña to yield fruit.", "etymology_highlights": "vāja as both ‘food/strength’ and sacrificial ‘prize’; tośā as praise that produces satisfaction (tṛpti)." }

Ritual Application
Academic Analysis
Symbolic Meaning
Musical Layer
Rigveda Source
Soma Ritual Context
Rishi Connection
Devata Aspects
Chandas Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Sandhi Notes
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