Shloka 25

हनूमता सुग्रीवस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Hanuman’s Counsel on Timely Ally-Duty

Devanagari script

देवदानव गन्धर्वा नसुरास्समरुद्गणाः।न च यक्षा भयं तस्य कुर्युः किमुत राक्षसाः।।

Transliteration

devadānava gandharvā na surās sa-marudgaṇāḥ |

na ca yakṣā bhayaṃ tasya kuryuḥ kim uta rākṣasāḥ ||

Translation

देवदानवगन्धर्वा न सुरास्समरुद्गणाः। न च यक्षा भयं तस्य कुर्युः किमुत राक्षसाः॥

Word by Word

• deva-dānava-gandharvāḥ: gods, dānavas, and gandharvas
• deva-dānava-gandharvāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva + dānava + gandharva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; dvandva: 'gods, dānavas, and gandharvas'

• na: not
• na: Niṣedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• asurāḥ: asuras
• asurāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• sa-marudgaṇāḥ: together with the Marut hosts
• sa-marudgaṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sa (अव्यय) + marut-gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; upapada-tatpuruṣa with sa- = 'together with the Marut hosts'

• na: not
• na: Niṣedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• yakṣāḥ: yakṣas
• yakṣāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• bhayam: fear
• bhayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Napुṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• tasya: for him
• tasya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान; 'for him')
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga/Napuṃsaka, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana

• kuryuḥ: would cause/might do
• kuryuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Vidhiliṅ-lakāra (Optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahuvacana; Parasmaipada

• kim: what
• kim: Prashna (प्रश्न)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; interrogative used idiomatically with uta

• uta: much less/how much more
• uta: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: uta (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; idiom 'kim uta' = 'how much more/what to say of'

• rākṣasāḥ: rākṣasas
• rākṣasāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

Context

'Not gods, demons, gandharvas or even marutas, suras or yakshas can cause fright in him much less the rakshasas.

Characters & Entities

• Hanuman
• Sugriva
• Rama
• Devas
• Danavas
• Gandharvas
• Maruts
• Yakshas
• Rakshasas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

One should not rationalize neglect of duty through fear. When righteousness is supported by strength and truth, timidity becomes an excuse rather than a reason.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanuman removes any lingering hesitation: Rama is fearless and formidable, so Sugriva should not delay the mission out of anxiety about enemies.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage grounded in dharma—steadfastness that refuses to be deterred by threats.