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Shloka 21

हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः

Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace

काकैरिमांश्रित्रबर्हान्‌ मयूरान्‌ पराजयेथा: पाण्डवान्‌ धार्राष्ट्रे: । हित्वा सिंहान्‌ क्रोष्टकान्‌ गूहमान: प्राप्ते काले शोचिता त्वं॑ नरेन्द्र,नरेन्द्र! आप कौओंके समान अपने पुत्रोंके द्वारा विचित्र पंखवाले मोरोंक सदृश पाण्डवोंको पराजित करनेका प्रयत्न कर रहे हैं; सिंहोंको छोड़कर सियारोंकी रक्षा कर रहे हैं: समय आनेपर आपको इसके लिये पश्चात्ताप करना पड़ेगा

kākair imān śritabarhān mayūrān parājayethāḥ pāṇḍavān dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ | hitvā siṃhān kroṣṭakān gūhamānaḥ prāpte kāle śocitā tvaṃ narendra narendra ||

काकैरिमान् चित्रबर्हान् मयूरान् पराजयेथाः पाण्डवान् धार्तराष्ट्रैः। हित्वा सिंहान् क्रोष्टकान् गूहमानः प्राप्ते काले शोचिता त्वं नरेन्द्र॥

काकैःby/with crows
काकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
इमान्these
इमान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
चित्रबर्हान्having variegated plumes
चित्रबर्हान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचित्रबर्हिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मयूरान्peacocks
मयूरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमयूर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पराजयेथाःyou would/should defeat
पराजयेथाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपराजि (पर + जि)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
पाण्डवान्the Pandavas
पाण्डवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धार्तराष्ट्रैःby the Dhartarashtras (sons of Dhritarashtra)
धार्तराष्ट्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage)
सिंहान्lions
सिंहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
क्रोष्टकान्jackals
क्रोष्टकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोष्टक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गूहमानःprotecting/covering, sheltering
गूहमानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगूह्
Formशानच् (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राप्तेwhen (it is) reached/arrived
प्राप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + आप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शोचिताgrieved, made to lament
शोचिता:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
नरेन्द्रO king (lord of men)
नरेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरेन्द्रO king
नरेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address narendra and context)
P
Pāṇḍavas
D
Dhārtarāṣṭras / Kauravas
C
crows (kāka) as metaphor
P
peacocks (mayūra) as metaphor
L
lions (siṃha) as metaphor
J
jackals (kroṣṭaka) as metaphor

Educational Q&A

Vidura teaches that a ruler must align with dharma and genuine strength (the “lions”), not protect the unworthy out of attachment (the “jackals”). Attempting to overpower the noble with ignoble means (crows vs peacocks) leads to inevitable sorrow when consequences mature.

In Udyoga Parva, as war approaches, Vidura admonishes Dhṛtarāṣṭra for supporting his sons against the Pāṇḍavas. He uses sharp animal metaphors to warn that the king’s partiality and protection of adharma will culminate in grief at the decisive moment.