Shloka 40

Droṇa–Vidura–Gāndhārī Counsel in the Royal Assembly (धर्मार्थयुक्ता सभा-उपदेश-प्रकरणम्)

Devanagari script

स राजा तस्य ते पुत्रा: पितुर्दायाद्यहारिण: । मा तात कल हं कार्षी राज्यस्यार्ध प्रदीयताम्‌

Transliteration

sa rājā tasya te putrāḥ pitur dāyādyahāriṇaḥ | mā tāta kalahāṁ kārṣī rājyasyārdhaṁ pradīyatām ||

Translation

स राजा तस्य ते पुत्राः पितुर्दायाद्यहारिणः। मा तात कलहं कार्षी राज्यस्यार्धं प्रदीयताम्॥

Word by Word

• सः: he/that (man)
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• ते: those/they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पुत्राः: sons
• पुत्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पितुः: of the father
• पितुः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• दायाद्यहारिणः: heirs/claimants of inheritance
• दायाद्यहारिणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दायाद्यहारिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मा: do not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा

• तात: dear son / dear one
• तात: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• कलहम्: quarrel
• कलहम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलह
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कार्षीः: you should do/make
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Imperative (Vedic/epic injunctive-like usage), 2, Singular, Parasmaipada

• राज्यस्य: of the kingdom
• राज्यस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• अर्धम्: half
• अर्धम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्ध
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• प्रदीयताम्: let (it) be given
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + दा
• Form: Imperative, 3, Singular, Passive (Karmani)

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Pāṇḍu
• Pāṇḍavas
• Duryodhana
• rājya (the kingdom)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma emphasizes dharma in succession: legitimate heirs should receive their due, and peace should be preserved by fair division rather than fueled by possessiveness and quarrel.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Udyoga Parva’s pre-war deliberations, Bhīṣma counsels Duryodhana to avoid conflict by acknowledging the Pāṇḍavas’ rightful claim and granting them half the kingdom.