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Shloka 17

Vāmadeva’s Rājadharma: Norm-Setting, Counsel, and the Prevention of Rāṣṭra-Vināśa (वामदेव-प्रोक्तं राजधर्मम्)

त्यक्तोदात्तं मद्यरतं द्यूतस्त्रीमूगयापरम्‌ । कार्य महति युञ्जानो हीयते नृपति: श्रिया,मूर्ख, इन्द्रियलोलुप, लोभी, दुराचारी, शठ, कपटी, हिंसक, दुर्बद्धि, अनेक शास्त्रोंके ज्ञानसे शून्य, उच्चभावनासे रहित, शराबी, जुआरी, स्त्रीलम्पट और मृगयासक्त पुरुषको जो राजा महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्योंपर नियुक्त करता है, वह लक्ष्मीसे हीन हो जाता है

tyaktodāttaṁ madyarataṁ dyūtastrīmṛgayāparam | kārye mahati yuñjāno hīyate nṛpatiḥ śriyā ||

वामदेव उवाच—यः पुरुषः सदाचारं त्यक्त्वा मद्यरतः, द्यूतपरः, स्त्रीलम्पटः, मृगयासक्तश्च भवति, तं यदि राजा महति कार्ये नियुञ्जीत, स नृपतिः श्रिया हीयते; भोगलोलुपेषु हि जनसाधारणस्य भारो न निक्षेप्यः।

त्यक्त-उदात्तम्one who has abandoned noble conduct
त्यक्त-उदात्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यक्त (√त्यज्) + उदात्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मद्य-रतम्addicted to liquor
मद्य-रतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमद्य + रत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्यूत-स्त्री-मृगया-परम्devoted to gambling, women, and hunting
द्यूत-स्त्री-मृगया-परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्यूत + स्त्री + मृगया + पर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कार्यम्task; duty; work
कार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महतिin a great (matter)
महति:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
युञ्जानःappointing; engaging (someone)
युञ्जानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयुञ्जान (√युज्)
FormPresent, Singular, Atmanepada, Present active participle, Masculine, Nominative
हीयतेdeclines; is diminished
हीयते:
TypeVerb
Root√हा (हायते/हीयते)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
नृपतिःthe king
नृपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रियाby/with prosperity; in fortune
श्रिया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्री
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular

वामदेव उवाच

V
Vāmadeva
N
nṛpati (king)
Ś
Śrī (Lakṣmī/prosperity)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s prosperity and stability depend on appointing worthy, disciplined people to important duties; entrusting major responsibilities to those ruled by addictions and sensual pursuits leads to decline and loss of fortune.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, the sage Vāmadeva advises about statecraft and the qualities required in those who handle major affairs, warning the king against empowering vice-driven individuals.