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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 90 — Protection of Livelihoods, Brahmanical Subsistence Norms, and Royal Oversight (राष्ट्रवृत्ति-राष्ट्रगुप्ति-उपदेशः)

ऑपन- माल छा अपि्>-ऋा-ज एकोननवतितमो<ध्याय: राजाके कर्तव्यका वर्णन भीष्म उवाच वनस्पतीन्‌ भक्ष्यफलात्‌ न च्छिन्द़्ुर्विषये तव | ब्राह्मणानां मूलफल धर्म्यमाहुर्मनीषिण:,भीष्मजी कहते हैं--युधिष्ठिर! जिन वृक्षोंके फल खानेके काम आते हैं, उनको तुम्हारे राज्यमें कोई काटने न पावे, इसका ध्यान रखना चाहिये। मनीषी पुरुष मूल और फलको धर्मतः ब्राह्मणोंका धन बताते हैं। इसलिये भी उनको काटना ठीक नहीं है

Bhīṣma uvāca: Vanaspatīn bhakṣya-phalāt na cchindyuḥ viṣaye tava | Brāhmaṇānāṁ mūla-phalaṁ dharmyam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ ||

भीष्म उवाच—युधिष्ठिर, तव विषये भक्ष्यफलवनस्पतीर्न कश्चिच्छिन्द्यात्। मूलफलानि च धर्म्यं ब्राह्मणानां धनमिति मनीषिणो वदन्ति; तस्मात् ताः न छेत्तव्याः।

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वनस्पतीन्trees
वनस्पतीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवनस्पति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भक्ष्यफलात्from/for edible fruit (i.e., fruit meant to be eaten)
भक्ष्यफलात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ष्यफल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
छिन्द्युःshould cut
छिन्द्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootछिद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-liṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
विषयेin the realm/territory
विषये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मूलफलम्roots and fruits
मूलफलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूलफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
धर्म्यम्righteous/according to dharma
धर्म्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
मनीषिणःthe wise (men)
मनीषिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Brāhmaṇas
F
fruit-bearing trees (vanaspati)

Educational Q&A

A king’s dharma includes protecting life-supporting resources: fruit-bearing trees should not be cut, since their produce (roots and fruits) is regarded as a legitimate, dharma-approved means of sustenance—especially associated with Brahmin livelihood and ritual economy.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira on practical governance. Here he gives a concrete rule for the realm: prohibit felling edible fruit trees, grounding the policy in dharma and the welfare of Brahmins and society.