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Shloka 47

Yajña-bhāga-vyavasthā and the Pravṛtti–Nivṛtti Framework (यज्ञभागव्यवस्था तथा प्रवृत्तिनिवृत्तिधर्मविवेचनम्)

परीक्षेत तथा शिष्यानीक्षेत्‌ कुलगुणादिभि: । “जैसे आगमें तपाने, काटने और कसौटीपर कसनेसे शुद्ध सोनेकी परख की जाती है, उसी प्रकार कुल और गुण आदिके द्वारा शिष्योंकी परीक्षा करनी चाहिये ।।

parīkṣeta tathā śiṣyān īkṣet kula-guṇādibhiḥ | yathāgnau tāpanāc chedanāt kaṣāyāṃ ca suvarṇasya śuddhiḥ parīkṣyate tathā kula-guṇādibhiḥ śiṣyāḥ parīkṣaṇīyāḥ | na niyojyāś ca vaḥ śiṣyā aniyoge mahābhaye |

परीक्षेत तथा शिष्यान् ईक्षेत् कुलगुणादिभिः । यथा हि कनकं शुद्धं तापच्छेदनिकर्षणैः । तथा कुलाचारवृत्तैश्च गुणैश्च शिष्यान् परीक्षयेत् ॥ न नियोज्याश्च वः शिष्या अनियोगे महाभये । यथामति यथापाठं तथा विद्या फलिष्यति; तस्मात् तान् नयत कल्याणं दुर्गाणि तरितुं क्षमाः ॥

परीक्षेतshould examine/test
परीक्षेत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरीक्ष् (धातु)
FormVidhi-linga, optative (injunctive sense), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
शिष्यान्disciples/students
शिष्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
ईक्षेत्should observe/consider
ईक्षेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootईक्ष् (धातु)
FormVidhi-linga, optative, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
कुल-गुण-आदिभिःby (their) family, virtues, etc.
कुल-गुण-आदिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकुल + गुण + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine/neuter (collective), instrumental, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
students (śiṣya)
G
gold (suvarṇa)
F
fire (agni)
T
touchstone (kaṣā)

Educational Q&A

A teacher must carefully assess a student’s character and suitability—like assaying gold—and must not involve students in improper or dangerously harmful undertakings; learning succeeds according to aptitude and effort, so guidance should aim at the student’s welfare.

In Bhishma’s instruction discourse in the Shanti Parva, he lays down ethical norms for pedagogy: how to evaluate disciples and what kinds of actions a teacher should never demand of them.