Shloka 38

Devanagari script

सत्त्वसंसेवनाद धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमरहति । विद्वानोंने योगके जो काम, क्रोध, लोभ, भय और पाँचवाँ स्वप्र--ये पाँच दोष बताये हैं उनका पूर्णतया उच्छेद करे। इनमेंसे क्रोधको शम (मनोनिग्रह) के द्वारा जीते, कामको संकल्पके त्यागद्वारा पराजित करे तथा धीर पुरुष सत्वगुणका सेवन करनेसे निद्राका उच्छेद कर सकता है

Transliteration

sattvasaṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yoge ye kāma-krodha-lobha-bhayaṃ pañcamaṃ svapnam iti pañca doṣān uktavān, tān sarvathā samucchinatti | teṣāṃ madhye krodhaṃ śamena (manonigrahena) jayet, kāmaṃ saṅkalpatyāgena parājayet, tathā dhīraḥ sattvaguṇasaṃsevanena nidrāyā ucchedaṃ kartum arhati ||

Translation

व्यास उवाच—सत्त्वसंसेवनाद् धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमर्हति । योगे विद्वद्भिः पञ्च दोषाः प्रकीर्तिताः—कामः क्रोधो लोभो भयं स्वप्नश्च पञ्चमः । एतान् समूलान् उच्छिन्यात्; क्रोधं शमेन जयेत्, कामं संकल्पत्यागेन पराजयेत् । एवं सत्त्वगुणाभ्यासात् धीरः स्वप्ननिद्रां प्रमादं च जयति, आत्मसंयमे जागर्ति ॥

Word by Word

• {'sattva-saṃsevana': 'cultivation/constant resort to sattva (clarity, purity, balance)', 'dhīra': 'steadfast, self-possessed, resolute person', 'nidrā': 'sleep

• lethargy/drowsiness as an obstacle', 'ucchettum (uccheda)': 'to cut off, eradicate, uproot', 'vidvān': 'the wise

• one who knows', 'yoga': 'discipline of inner integration

• meditative practice', 'kāma': 'desire, craving', 'krodha': 'anger', 'lobha': 'greed, avarice', 'bhaya': 'fear', 'svapna': 'dreaming

• dream-state distraction', 'doṣa': 'fault, defect, moral/psychological blemish', 'sarvathā': 'completely, in every way', 'śama': 'calmness

• pacification of the mind', 'manonigraha': 'control/restraint of the mind', 'saṅkalpa': 'volitional resolve

• intention that fuels desire', 'tyāga': 'renunciation, letting go', 'parājayet': 'should defeat, overcome', 'sattvaguṇa': 'the sattva quality (lucidity, harmony)'}

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that spiritual progress requires uprooting five inner defects—desire, anger, greed, fear, and dreaming—and that specific remedies apply: anger is conquered by śama (mental restraint), desire by abandoning saṅkalpa (the willful fixation that feeds craving), and sleep is overcome by sustained cultivation of sattva (clarity and balance).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa delivers instruction on yogic discipline and ethical psychology, outlining key obstacles to inner steadiness and prescribing practical methods to overcome them.