Shloka 4
Brāhmaṇa-kṛtya, Āśrama-niyama, and Dāna-prasaṃsā
Duties of the Brāhmaṇa, āśrama discipline, and praise of giving
Devanagari script
नमुचिर्वाच अनिवार्येण शोकेन शरीरं चोपतप्यते । अमित्राश्ष प्रह्ृष्यन्ति शोके नास्ति सहायता
Translation
नमुचिरुवाच—अनिवार्येण शोकेन शरीरं चोपतप्यते। अमित्राश्च प्रहृष्यन्ति; शोके नास्ति सहायता॥
Word by Word
नमुचिःNamuci
नमुचिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनमुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनिवार्येणby unavoidable (grief)
अनिवार्येण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिवार्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
शोकेनby grief
शोकेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
शरीरम्the body
शरीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
उपतप्यतेis afflicted / is tormented
उपतप्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
अमित्राःenemies
अमित्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रहृष्यन्तिrejoice
प्रहृष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहृष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
शोकेin grief
शोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सहायताhelp / assistance
सहायता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहायता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes