Shloka 21

नकुलो मूषिकानत्ति बिडालो नकुलं तथा | बिडालमत्ति श्वा राजन्‌ श्वानं व्यालमृगस्तथा,राजन! नेवला चूहेको खा जाता है और नेवलेको बिलाव। बिलावको कुत्ता और कुत्तेको चीता चबा जाता है

nakulo mūṣikān atti biḍālo nakulaṃ tathā | biḍālam atti śvā rājan śvānaṃ vyāla-mṛgas tathā ||

अर्जुन उवाच—नकुलो मूषिकानत्ति, बिडालो नकुलं तथा। बिडालमत्ति श्वा राजन्, श्वानं व्यालमृगस्तथा॥

नकुलःmongoose
नकुलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मूषिकान्mice/rats
मूषिकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूषिक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अत्तिeats/devours
अत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
बिडालःcat
बिडालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबिडाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नकुलम्mongoose
नकुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
बिडालम्cat
बिडालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबिडाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अत्तिeats/devours
अत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
श्वाdog
श्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्वानम्dog
श्वानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्यालमृगःa fierce beast (lit. predator-beast)
व्यालमृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यालमृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
King (rājan)
M
mongoose (nakula)
M
mouse (mūṣika)
C
cat (biḍāla)
D
dog (śvā)
W
wild predator (vyāla-mṛga)

Educational Q&A

The verse illustrates a natural and social reality: dominance is temporary, and every power has a stronger counter-power. Ethically, it cautions against arrogance and urges humility and vigilance, since worldly security is unstable.

Arjuna addresses a king and uses a vivid animal sequence—mouse, mongoose, cat, dog, and a fierce predator—to make a point through analogy: in the world, beings prey upon one another, and positions of strength can quickly reverse.