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Shloka 3

Āpad-dharma and Discernment in Livelihood (आपद्धर्मे विज्ञानबलम्)

भीष्म उवाच अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्‌ । गौतमस्य च संवादं यमस्य च महात्मन:,भीष्मजीने कहा--युधिष्ठिर! इस धर्मके विषयमें भी विज्ञ पुरुष गौतम तथा महात्मा यमके संवादरूप एक प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं

bhīṣma uvāca | atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṁ purātanam | gautamasya ca saṁvādaṁ yamasya ca mahātmanaḥ ||

भीष्म उवाच— अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। गौतमस्य च संवादं यमस्य च महात्मनः॥ युधिष्ठिर, अस्मिन् धर्मविषयेऽपि विद्वांसः पुरातनमितिहासमुदाहरन्ति—गौतमस्य महर्षेः महात्मनः यमस्य च संवादरूपम्।

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अत्रhere; in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उदाहरन्तिthey cite; they give as an example
उदाहरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-आ-हृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
इमम्this
इमम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिहासम्ancient tale; historical account
इतिहासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइतिहास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरातनम्ancient; old
पुरातनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरातन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गौतमस्यof Gautama
गौतमस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगौतम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संवादम्dialogue; conversation
संवादम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंवाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यमस्यof Yama
यमस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महात्मनःof the great-souled (one)
महात्मनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
G
Gautama
Y
Yama

Educational Q&A

That questions of dharma are clarified through authoritative precedents: the tradition preserves instructive dialogues (itihāsa) that the wise cite to illuminate ethical duty.

Bhishma signals a shift into an illustrative story: he introduces an ancient dialogue between the sage Gautama and Yama, which will serve as an example to explain the dharma under discussion.