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Shloka 30

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

जात्या च सदृशा: सर्वे कुलेन सदृशास्तथा,जाति और कुलमें सभी एक समान हो सकते हैं; परंतु उद्योग, बुद्धि और रूप- सम्पत्तिमें सबका एक-सा होना सम्भव नहीं है। शत्रुलोग गणराज्यके लोगोंमें भेदबुद्धि पैदा करके तथा उनमेंसे कुछ लोगोंको धन देकर भी समूचे संघमें फूट डाल देते हैं; अतः संघबद्ध रहना ही गणराज्यके नागरिकोंका महान्‌ आश्रय है

jātyā ca sadṛśāḥ sarve kulena sadṛśās tathā | udyogabuddhirūpasampattau tu na sarveṣām ekarūpatā sambhavati || śatravaḥ gaṇarāṣṭreṣu bhedabuddhiṃ janayitvā tebhyaś ca kecid dhanena krītvā api sarvasya saṅghasya bhedaṃ kurvanti | tasmāt saṅghabaddhatā eva gaṇarāṣṭranāgarāṇāṃ mahān āśrayaḥ ||

भीष्म उवाच—जात्या च सदृशाः सर्वे कुलेन सदृशास्तथा; न तु सर्वेषामुद्योगो बुद्धिः रूपं श्रीश्च समा भवेत्। शत्रवो गणराज्यजनानां भेदबुद्धिं जनयित्वा, केषाञ्चिदर्थदानैश्च, समग्रं संघं विदारयन्ति; तस्मात् संघबद्धता एव गणनागरिकाणां महदाश्रयः।

जात्याby birth/caste
जात्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सदृशाःsimilar/alike
सदृशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुलेनby family/lineage
कुलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सदृशाःsimilar/alike
सदृशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
enemies (śatravaḥ)
G
gaṇarāṣṭra (republic/commonwealth)
S
saṅgha (confederation/assembly)

Educational Q&A

Even if people share the same birth and lineage, differences in capability and fortune remain; hostile forces exploit these differences through factionalism and bribery. Hence, collective unity is the strongest protection for a republic or confederation.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and dharma after the war, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on political stability, warning how enemies fracture gaṇa-states by creating internal divisions and buying off individuals, and urging steadfast cohesion.