Shloka 40

न सामदण्डोपनिषत्‌ प्रशस्यते । नमार्दवं शत्रुषु यात्रिकं सदा | न सस्यघातो न च संकरक्रिया न चापि भूय: प्रकृते्विचारणा,शत्रुके प्रति सामनीतिका प्रयोग अच्छा नहीं माना जाता, बल्कि गुप्तरूपसे दण्डनीतिका प्रयोग ही श्रेष्ठ समझा जाता है। शत्रुओंके प्रति न तो कोमलता और न उनपर आक्रमण करना ही सदा ठीक माना जाता है। उनकी खेतीको चौपट करना तथा वहाँके जल आदिमें विष मिला देना भी अच्छा नहीं है। इसके सिवा, सात प्रकृतियोंपर विचार करना भी उपयोगी नहीं है (उसके लिये तो गुप्त दण्डका प्रयोग ही श्रेष्ठ है)

na sāma-daṇḍopaniṣat praśasyate | na mārḍavaṁ śatruṣu yātrikaṁ sadā | na sasyaghāto na ca saṅkarakriyā na cāpi bhūyaḥ prakṛti-vicāraṇā |

न सामदण्डोपनिषत् प्रशस्यते न मार्दवं शत्रुषु यात्रिकं सदा । न सस्यघातो न च संकरक्रिया न चापि भूयः प्रकृतेर्विचारणा ॥

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
साम-दण्ड-उपनिषत्the policy/teaching of conciliation and punishment
साम-दण्ड-उपनिषत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपनिषत् (स्त्री)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रशस्यतेis praised/approved
प्रशस्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मार्दवम्gentleness/softness
मार्दवम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमार्दव (नपुं)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शत्रुषुtowards/among enemies
शत्रुषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (पुं)
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
यात्रिकम्proper/fit (as a course of action)
यात्रिकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयात्रिक (नपुं)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सस्य-घातःdestruction of crops
सस्य-घातः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootघात (पुं)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संकर-क्रियाact of causing confusion/contamination (sabotage)
संकर-क्रिया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया (स्त्री)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भूयःagain/further/more
भूयः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस् (अव्यय/नपुं)
प्रकृतेःof the constituent(s)/elements (of the state)
प्रकृतेः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति (स्त्री)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
विचारणाconsideration/investigation
विचारणा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविचारणा (स्त्री)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

भीष्म (Bhīṣma)
शत्रु (enemy)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma advises that neither perpetual softness nor perpetual aggression is universally right in dealing with enemies. He rejects openly mixing conciliation with punishment as a praised policy, condemns unethical tactics like destroying crops and poisoning resources, and recommends discreet, targeted punitive action rather than endless theoretical deliberation.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma is teaching Yudhiṣṭhira principles of governance and enemy-policy. This verse focuses on practical and ethical limits in statecraft: what kinds of measures are not commendable and what kind of restrained, concealed coercion may be preferable in confronting hostile powers.