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Shloka 22

रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield

विधुन्वन्‌ कार्मुकं चित्र भारघ्नं वेगवत्तरम्‌ । रथप्रवरमास्थाय सैन्धवाश्वंं महारथ:

vidhunvan kārmukaṃ citraṃ bhāraghnaṃ vegavattaram | rathapravaram āsthāya saindhavāśvaṃ mahārathaḥ ||

सञ्जय उवाच—चित्रं कार्मुकं भारघ्नं वेगवत्तरं विधुन्वन्, सैन्धवाश्वयुतं रथप्रवरमास्थाय, स महारथः पाण्डवान् अभ्यधावत्। तत्र व्यूहबन्धः समाश्वासनं च, सेनापतेः निर्णायकः प्रहारश्च—युद्धस्य घोरं प्रवाहं प्रादर्शयन्।

विधुन्वन्shaking
विधुन्वन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविधुन्वत् (धातु: धुन्/धूञ्, वि-)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कार्मुकम्bow
कार्मुकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्मुक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चित्रम्wonderful/variegated
चित्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भारघ्नम्weight-destroying (removing burden)
भारघ्नम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभारघ्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वेगवत्तरम्more swift/very swift
वेगवत्तरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवेगवत्तर (वेगवत् + तर)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रथप्रवरम्excellent chariot
रथप्रवरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथप्रवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आस्थायhaving mounted/after mounting
आस्थाय:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था (धातु: स्था)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
सैन्धवाश्वम्Sindhu-bred horse (Sindhi horse)
सैन्धवाश्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्धवाश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महारथःgreat chariot-warrior
महारथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pāṇḍavas
B
bow (kārmuka)
F
foremost chariot (rathapravara)
S
Saindhava/Sindhu horses (saindhavāśva)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in war, leadership manifests through readiness, morale, and disciplined deployment of strength; ethically, it points to the sobering reality that skill and resolve can be directed toward destructive ends, reminding readers to weigh power against dharma.

Sañjaya describes a great warrior mounting a superior chariot drawn by Sindhu-bred horses and brandishing a remarkable, swift bow, then moving to attack the Pāṇḍavas—signaling an escalation and organized offensive in the battle.