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Shloka 1

Book 9 (Śalya-parva), Adhyāya 13 — Arjuna’s Arrow-storm and the Drauṇi Confrontation

Devanagari script

नशा (0) उस औअन+- त्रयोदशो 5 ध्याय: मद्रराज शल्यका अद्भुत पराक्रम संजय उवाच पीडिते धर्मराजे तु मद्रराजेन मारिष | सात्यकिर्भीमसेनश्व माद्रीपुत्री च पाण्डवी

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | pīḍite dharmarāje tu madrarājena māriṣa | sātyakir bhīmasenaś ca mādrīputrī ca pāṇḍavī ||

Translation

सञ्जय उवाच—पीडिते धर्मराजे तु मद्रराजेन, मारिष, सात्यकिर्भीमसेनश्च माद्रीपुत्री च पाण्डवी तदानीं प्रत्युद्ययुः।

Word by Word

संजयO Sañjaya

उवाचsaid

पीडितेwhen (he) was afflicted / in the afflicted (state)

धर्मराजेin/when Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)

तुbut/indeed

मद्रराजेनby the king of Madra (Śalya)

मारिषO venerable one / O dear sir

सात्यकिःSātyaki

भीमसेनःBhīmasena

चand

माद्रीपुत्रीMādrī's daughter (Sahadeva's twin? here: likely Nakula/Sahadeva line; feminine points to Draupadī? but form is feminine)

चand

पाण्डवीthe Pāṇḍavī (Draupadī / a woman of the Pāṇḍavas)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sanjaya

Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira)

Madraraja (Shalya)

Satyaki

Bhimasena (Bhima)

Madriputri (daughter of Madri)

Pandavi (a Pandava princess)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the righteous leader (Dharmaraja) can be overwhelmed in war; dharma in such moments includes steadfastness and timely support from allies, showing that righteousness is sustained not only by personal virtue but also by collective responsibility.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that Shalya, king of Madra, is pressing Yudhishthira hard in battle, and that key Pandava allies—Satyaki and Bhima, along with a Pandava figure identified as Madri’s daughter—move in response to the danger.