Shloka 45
अध्याय १ — न्यग्रोधवनोपवेशनम् तथा द्रौणिनिश्चयः
Night at the Banyan and Drauṇi’s Resolve
Devanagari script
उपदेश: कृतो5नेन पक्षिणा मम संयुगे
Transliteration
upadeśaḥ kṛto 'nena pakṣiṇā mama saṃyuge
Translation
सञ्जय उवाच—मम संयुगेऽनेन पक्षिणोपदेशः कृतः; धर्म्ये कर्मणि च युद्धमध्येऽपि यत् प्राज्ञं कर्तव्यं तदस्योपदेशेनावगतम्।
Word by Word
उपदेशःinstruction, lesson
उपदेशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपदेश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतःdone, made, given
कृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
अनेनby this (one)
अनेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
पक्षिणाby the bird
पक्षिणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
ममof me, my
मम:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
संयुगेin battle, in combat
संयुगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंयुग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
स
संजय (Sañjaya)प
पक्षिन् (a bird)स
संयुग (battle/war)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Even in war, one should remain attentive to signs and examples in nature; a seemingly small creature can become a teacher, reminding a warrior to act with discernment and ethical awareness rather than blind impulse.
Sañjaya reports that during a battle situation he received a meaningful ‘upadeśa’ (lesson) from observing a bird—framing the episode as a moral or strategic instruction arising amid conflict.