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Shloka 13

सभा-पर्व, अध्याय 56: विदुरस्य द्यूत-निन्दा

Vidura’s Censure of Dicing and Warning to the Kurus

दुर्योधन उवाच द्यूते पुराणैर्व्यवहार: प्रणीत- स्तत्रात्ययो नास्ति न सम्प्रहार: । तद्‌ रोचतां शकुनेर्वाक्यमद्य सभां क्षिप्र॑ं त्वमिहाज्ञापयस्व,दुर्योधन बोला--पिताजी! पुराने लोगोंने भी द्यूतक्रीड़ाका व्यवहार किया है। उसमें न तो दोष है और न युद्ध ही होता है। अतः आप शकुनि मामाकी बात मान लीजिये और शीघ्र ही यहाँ (द्यूतके लिये) सभामण्डप बन जानेकी आज्ञा दीजिये

duryodhana uvāca | dyūte purāṇair vyavahāraḥ praṇītaḥ, tatrātyayo nāsti na samprāhāraḥ | tad rocātāṃ śakuner vākyam adya, sabhāṃ kṣipraṃ tvam ihājñāpayasva ||

दुर्योधन उवाच—द्यूते पुराणैर्व्यवहारः प्रणीतः; तत्रात्ययो नास्ति न च सम्प्रहारः। तदद्य शकुनेर्वाक्यं रोचतां, सभां च क्षिप्रं त्वमिहाज्ञापयस्व।

दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्यूतेin gambling / in the dice-game
द्यूते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पुराणैःby the ancients
पुराणैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपुराण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
व्यवहारःpractice / custom
व्यवहारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रणीतःestablished / laid down
प्रणीतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नी (प्रणीत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
तत्रthere / in that (matter)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अत्ययःfault / transgression
अत्ययः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअत्यय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
nor / not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सम्प्रहारःcombat / fighting
सम्प्रहारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम्प्रहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (proposal/thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
रोचताम्let it please / let it be approved
रोचताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootरुच्
FormImperative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
शकुनेःof Shakuni
शकुनेः:
TypeNoun
Rootशकुनि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वाक्यम्word / proposal
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday / now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
सभाम्assembly hall
सभाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसभा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
क्षिप्रम्quickly
क्षिप्रम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्षिप्र
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
आज्ञापयस्वcommand / order (to be done)
आज्ञापयस्व:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ज्ञा (आज्ञापय)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Atmanepada, true

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
S
Shakuni
S
sabhā (assembly hall)
D
dyūta (dice-game)

Educational Q&A

The verse illustrates how adharma can be rationalized through appeal to tradition: Duryodhana frames gambling as an ancient, socially accepted practice and downplays its harm, showing how ethical blindness and self-interest can misuse “custom” to legitimize wrongdoing.

In the Kuru court context, Duryodhana urges the king/elders to accept Shakuni’s proposal for a dice-game and to quickly arrange an assembly hall for it, presenting the game as harmless and non-violent—setting the stage for the infamous dice match.