Shloka 41

कृष्णेन अर्जुनस्य प्रोत्साहनम् — Kṛṣṇa’s Exhortation to Arjuna

Prelude to Karṇa’s Slaying

Devanagari script

श्रावयाणाक्ष बहवस्तत्र योद्धा विशाम्पते । अन्योन्यमवमृद्नन्त: शक्तितोमरपट्टिशै:

Transliteration

śrāvayāṇākṣa bahavas tatra yoddhā viśāmpate | anyonyam avamṛdnantaḥ śakti-tomara-paṭṭiśaiḥ ||

Translation

सञ्जय उवाच—विशाम्पते, तत्र बहवो योद्धारो नामगोत्राणि श्रावयन्तोऽन्योन्यमवमृद्नन्तः शक्तितोमरपट्टिशैः।

Word by Word

• श्रावयाणाः: causing to be heard; shouting/proclaiming
• श्रावयाणाः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रावय (causative of √श्रु)
• Form: Present (Vartamana), Parasmaipada, शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अक्ष: O Akṣa (address)
• अक्ष: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्ष
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• बहवः: many
• बहवः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• योद्धाः: warriors
• योद्धाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: योद्धृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• विशाम्: of the people/subjects
• विशाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• पते: O lord
• पते: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• अन्योन्यम्: each other; mutually
• अन्योन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्योन्य

• अवमृद्नन्तः: crushing/pressing down; overpowering
• अवमृद्नन्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-√मृद्
• Form: Present (Vartamana), Parasmaipada, शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• शक्ति-तोमर-पट्टिशैः: with spears, javelins, and axes
• शक्ति-तोमर-पट्टिशैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्ति + तोमर + पट्टिश
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• warriors (yoddhāḥ)
• śakti (spear)
• tomara (javelin)
• paṭṭiśa (battle-axe)