Shloka 4

कर्णेन सैन्यस्थापनं तथा नानायुद्धसमवायः

Karna Reforms the Host and Multiple Duels Converge

Devanagari script

न च केन च धर्मेण विरुध्यन्ते प्रजा इमा: । सर्व हि तेडब्रुवन्‌ धर्म यदुक्त वेदपारगै:

Transliteration

na ca kena ca dharmeṇa virudhyante prajā imāḥ | sarvaṃ hi te ’bruvan dharmaṃ yad uktaṃ vedapāragaiḥ ||

Translation

न च केनचिद् धर्मेण विरुध्यन्ते प्रजा इमाः। सर्वं हि तेऽब्रुवन् धर्मं यदुक्तं वेदपारगैः॥

Word by Word

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• केन: by what (means/cause)
• केन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• धर्मेण: by/with dharma; by any rule of righteousness
• धर्मेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• विरुध्यन्ते: oppose/act contrary (to)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुध् (वि-रुध्)
• Form: Present, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Plural

• प्रजाः: subjects/people
• प्रजाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• इमाः: these
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वम्: all; the whole
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• हि: indeed/for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अब्रुवन्: said/declared
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect (Past), Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural

• धर्मम्: dharma; righteousness
• धर्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• यत्: which/that (what)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun/Relative
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उक्तम्: said/declared
• Type: Participle
• Root: वच् (उपसर्ग: उद्/उत्; कृदन्त: उक्त)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• वेदपारगैः: by those who have gone to the far shore of the Vedas; Veda-knowers
• वेदपारगैः: Karana
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वेदपारग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

कर्ण उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Karna
• prajāḥ (the peoples/subjects)
• Veda
• vedapāragāḥ (Veda-knowers)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is presented as a shared, publicly affirmed standard: communities remain aligned with it, and its authoritative formulation is traced to Veda-masters (vedapāragāḥ).

What is happening in the narrative?

Karna is describing the conduct of various peoples/subjects, emphasizing that they do not deviate from dharma and that their understanding of dharma follows what learned authorities of the Vedas have taught.