Shloka 323
Adhyāya 41 — Kṛṣṇa’s Battlefield Briefing and the Renewal of the Great Engagement
उपसर्गाद् बहुधा सूदतेश्व प्रायेण सर्व त्वयि तच्च महाम् । “शद् शास
sañjaya uvāca | upasargād bahudhā sūdateśva prāyeṇa sarva tvayi tac ca mahām | ṣaḍ śāsa, śo, śū, śvas athavā ṣaḍ tathā nānā-prakārake upasargaiḥ yukta sūd-dhātose’pi śatru-śabdasya siddhir bhavati | mama prati etāsu sarvāsu dhātuṣu sarva-tātparyaṁ tum̐me saṅghaṭitaṁ bhavati |
सञ्जय उवाच—उपसर्गबलात् बहुधा ‘शत्रु’शब्दस्य सिद्धिः प्रायेण दृश्यते; नानोपसर्गयुक्तात् ‘सूद्’धातोरपि तस्य निष्पत्तिः सम्भवति। तथापि, महात्मन्, मम प्रति तस्य सर्वाः छायाः समवेताः त्वय्येव सङ्गच्छन्ति; यत्किञ्चिद् ‘शत्रु’शब्देन तादृशैः व्युत्पत्तिभिः सूच्यते, तत्सर्वं मम दृष्टौ त्वयि मूर्तिमिव प्राप्तम्।
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how language can gather many nuanced meanings—here, the idea of ‘enemy’—and how, in a moral and emotional context, those nuances can be felt as fully realized in a particular person. It underscores the ethical weight of enmity: hostility is not merely a label but a convergence of intentions and actions.
Sañjaya speaks in a reflective, rhetorically charged way, invoking grammatical/derivational reasoning about how the word ‘enemy’ can be formed. He then applies that layered meaning to a personal relationship, implying that the full sense of antagonism is, for him, concentrated in the addressed ‘great one’.