Shloka 15

यदा दिव्यं धनुरादाय पार्थ: प्रतापयन्‌ पृतनां सव्यसाची । त्वां मर्दयिष्यन्निशितै: पृषत्कै- सस्‍्तदा पश्चात्‌ तप्स्यसे सूतपुत्र

yadā divyaṃ dhanur ādāya pārthaḥ pratāpayan pṛtanāṃ savyasācī | tvāṃ mardayiṣyann iśitaiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ sa tadā paścāt tapsyase sūtaputra ||

यदा दिव्यं धनुरादाय पार्थः प्रतापयन् पृतनां सव्यसाची । त्वां मर्दयिष्यन्निशितैः पृषत्कैस्तदा पश्चात्तप्स्यसे सूतपुत्र ॥

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
दिव्यम्divine
दिव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदिव्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आदायhaving taken
आदाय:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootआ + दा
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
पार्थःArjuna (son of Pṛthā)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतापयन्scorching/overpowering
प्रतापयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + तप्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पृतनाम्the army
पृतनाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृतना
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सव्यसाचीAmbidextrous one (Arjuna)
सव्यसाची:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसव्यसाचिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
मर्दयिष्यन्intending to crush / about to crush
मर्दयिष्यन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootमर्द्
Formशतृ (future active participle usage), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
निशितैःwith sharp
निशितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिशित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
पृषत्कैःarrows
पृषत्कैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपृषत्क
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सःhe/you (that one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
तप्स्यसेyou will suffer / you will be tormented
तप्स्यसे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormFuture (Luṭ), Second, Singular, Ātmanepada
सूतपुत्रO son of a charioteer
सूतपुत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootसूतपुत्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
Arjuna (Pārtha, Savyasācī)
K
Karna (Sūtaputra)
D
divine bow
A
army (pṛtanā)
A
arrows (pṛṣatka)

Educational Q&A

The verse functions as a moral warning: arrogance and overconfidence in war lead to later suffering. When true prowess (Arjuna’s disciplined, divinely-supported skill) is unleashed, the one who underestimated it (Karna) is foretold to experience painful regret and consequence.

Sanjaya foretells to Karna that Arjuna will take up his divine bow, overpower the opposing host, and aim to crush Karna with sharp arrows. The statement anticipates Karna’s later anguish—both from defeat and from the realization of Arjuna’s superior force in that moment of battle.