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Shloka 36

अध्याय २९: कर्णस्य शल्यं प्रति शापस्मरणं च युद्धनिश्चयः | Chapter 29: Karṇa recalls curses to Śalya and declares resolve for battle

निष्कैवल्यं तदा युद्ध प्रापुरश्चनरद्धिपा: । हन्यमाना: शरैरार्तास्तदा भीता: प्रदुद्रुवु:,उस समय घोड़े, हाथी और मनुष्योंको ऐसा युद्ध प्राप्त हुआ, जिसमें मृत्यु निश्चित है। उन सब लोगोंपर जब बाणोंकी मार पड़ने लगी, तब वे सब-के-सब आर्त और भयभीत होकर भाग चले

niṣkaivalyaṃ tadā yuddhaṃ prāpuś ca nara-ṛddhipāḥ | hanyamānāḥ śarair ārtās tadā bhītāḥ pradudruvuḥ ||

निष्कैवल्यं तदा युद्धं प्रापुरश्च नराधिपाः । हन्यमानाः शरैरार्तास्तदा भीताः प्रदुद्रुवुः ॥

निष्कैवल्यम्certain death (lit. absolute isolation; here: death-doom)
निष्कैवल्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिष्कैवल्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रापुःattained / met with
प्रापुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + आप्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नराधिपाःkings (lords of men)
नराधिपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हन्यमानाःbeing struck / being slain
हन्यमानाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent passive participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
शरैःby arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
आर्ताःdistressed / afflicted
आर्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
भीताःfrightened
भीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormPast passive participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रदुद्रुवुःran away / fled
प्रदुद्रुवुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + द्रु
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
B
battle (yuddha)
A
arrows (śara)
K
kings/warriors (nara-ṛddhipāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the brutal moral pressure of war: even mighty rulers, when confronted with inescapable death and pain, can be overwhelmed by fear and abandon resolve—highlighting the fragility of human courage and the ethical weight of choosing battle.

Sanjaya reports that the combat became so lethal that it felt like a death-trap; as arrows rained down and men were wounded and killed, many warriors—desperate and frightened—broke ranks and fled.