Shloka 78

अभ्यधावत तेजस्वी विशीर्णकवचध्वजान्‌ । तापयामास तान्‌ बाणै: सूतपुत्रो महाबल: । मध्यंदिनमनुप्राप्तो भूतानीव तमोनुद:

abhyadhāvat tejasvī viśīrṇakavacadhvajān | tāpayāmāsa tān bāṇaiḥ sūtaputro mahābalaḥ | madhyaṁdinam anuprāpto bhūtānīva tamonudaḥ ||

अभ्यधावत तेजस्वी विशीर्णकवचध्वजान् । तापयामास तान् बाणै: सूतपुत्रो महाबल: । मध्यंदिनमनुप्राप्तो भूतानीव तमोनुद: ॥

अभ्यधावत्ran towards, charged
अभ्यधावत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-धाव्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तेजस्वीthe radiant one
तेजस्वी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतेजस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशीर्णshattered, broken
विशीर्ण:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-शीर्ण (√शॄ/शृ)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कवचarmor
कवच:
TypeNoun
Rootकवच
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ध्वजान्standards, banners
ध्वजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तापयामासtormented, scorched
तापयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (causative: तापय्)
FormPerfect periphrastic (Liṭ), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
बाणैःwith arrows
बाणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबाण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सूतcharioteer
सूत:
TypeNoun
Rootसूत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाबलःmighty-strong
महाबलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाबल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मध्यंदिनम्midday
मध्यंदिनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यंदिन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुप्राप्तःhaving reached, arrived at
अनुप्राप्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-प्र-आप् (ppp: अनुप्राप्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूतानिcreatures, beings
भूतानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
तमःdarkness
तमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नुदःdriving away, dispelling
नुदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनुद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karna (Sūtaputra)
A
arrows (bāṇa)
A
armour (kavaca)
B
banners/standards (dhvaja)
M
midday sun (tamonudaḥ as simile)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the intoxicating power of tejas (brilliance/force) in war: strength can rapidly dominate those already weakened. Ethically, it invites reflection on how martial success may resemble the sun’s clarity—yet in a dharma-war it also raises the question of restraint and compassion toward the broken, even when victory is possible.

Sañjaya describes Karna surging forward against opponents whose armour and banners are already shattered, striking them with intense arrow-fire. The scene is set at midday, and Karna’s onslaught is compared to the sun driving away darkness from living beings.