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Shloka 3

अध्याय ९१ — शैनेयस्य गजानीकभेदनं जलसंधवधश्च

Chapter 91: Sātyaki breaks the elephant array and slays Jalasaṃdha

स सम्प्रहारस्तुमुल: सम्प्रवृत्त: सुदारुण: । एकस्य च बहूनां च रथनागनरक्षय:,उस समय एक वीरका बहुत-से योद्धाओंके साथ बड़ा भयंकर घमासान युद्ध छिड़ गया, जो रथों, हाथियों और मनुष्योंका संहार करनेवाला था

sa samprahāras tumulaḥ sampravṛttaḥ sudāruṇaḥ | ekasya ca bahūnāṃ ca ratha-nāga-nara-kṣayaḥ ||

स सम्प्रहारस्तुमुलः सम्प्रवृत्तः सुदारुणः । एकस्य च बहूनां च रथनागनरक्षयः ॥

सःhe/that (battle)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्प्रहारःclash, fierce combat
सम्प्रहारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम्प्रहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुमुलःtumultuous, very fierce
तुमुलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्प्रवृत्तःarisen, set in, commenced
सम्प्रवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-वृत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), Passive (participial)
सुदारुणःvery dreadful, extremely cruel
सुदारुणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एकस्यof one (man/warrior)
एकस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बहूनाम्of many
बहूनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रथ-नाग-नर-क्षयःdestruction of chariots, elephants, and men
रथ-नाग-नर-क्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
रथ (chariots)
नाग (war-elephants)
नर (men/warriors)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the grim moral reality of war: once combat erupts, it becomes a force of indiscriminate destruction—overwhelming both the solitary hero and the multitude—consuming not only fighters but the very instruments of war (chariots, elephants).

Sañjaya describes a fierce melee that has begun, characterized as one warrior facing many, and emphasizes the scale of devastation across chariots, elephants, and men.