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Shloka 1

जयद्रथवध-प्रतिज्ञा

Arjuna’s Vow to Neutralize Jayadratha

/ अपना बछ। है २ >> एकपज्चाशत्तमो< ध्याय: युधिष्ठिरका विलाप संजय उवाच हते तस्मिन्‌ महावीर्ये सौभद्रे रथयूथपे । विमुक्तरथसंनाहा: सर्वे निक्षिप्तकार्मुका:,संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! महापराक्रमी रथयूथपति सुभद्राकुमार अभिमन्युके मारे जानेपर समस्त पाण्डव महारथी रथ और कवचका त्याग कर और धनुषको नीचे डालकर राजा युधिष्ठिरको चारों ओरसे घेरकर उनके पास बैठ गये। उन सबका मन सुभद्राकुमार अभिमन्युमें ही लगा था और वे उसी युद्धका चिन्तन कर रहे थे

sañjaya uvāca | hate tasmin mahāvīrye saubhadre rathayūthape | vimuktarathasaṃnāhāḥ sarve nikṣiptakārmukāḥ ||

सञ्जय उवाच—हते तस्मिन् महावीर्ये सौभद्रे रथयूथपे, सर्वे पाण्डवाः महारथाः विमुक्तरथसंनाहाः, निक्षिप्तकार्मुकाः, युधिष्ठिरं राजानं पर्यवार्योपविविशुः। तेषां मनांसि सौभद्रे एव निबद्धानि, तदेव युद्धं ध्यायन्तः शोकाकुला बभूवुः।

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
हतेwhen (he) was slain
हते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPast passive participle, Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
तस्मिन्in/when that (one)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
महावीर्येin the very mighty (hero)
महावीर्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहावीर्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
सौभद्रेin the son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu)
सौभद्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसौभद्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
रथयूथपेin the leader of a troop of chariots
रथयूथपे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथयूथप
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विमुक्त-रथ-संनाहाःhaving cast off chariots and armor
विमुक्त-रथ-संनाहाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविमुक्तरथसंनाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निक्षिप्त-कार्मुकाःhaving laid down their bows
निक्षिप्त-कार्मुकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिक्षिप्तकार्मुक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
A
Abhimanyu
S
Subhadrā
P
Pāṇḍavas
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
C
chariot (ratha)
A
armor (saṃnāha)
B
bow (kārmuka)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how even the greatest warriors are morally and emotionally shaken by the death of a noble hero. It underscores the ethical gravity of war: victory and duty do not erase grief, and leadership (Yudhiṣṭhira) must hold the community together when dharma is tested by loss.

After Abhimanyu is killed, the Pāṇḍava warriors abandon immediate battle posture—setting aside chariots, armor, and bows—and gather around Yudhiṣṭhira. They sit with him, their minds absorbed in Abhimanyu and the circumstances of the fight, marking the beginning of Yudhiṣṭhira’s lament and the army’s collective mourning.