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Shloka 14

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 45: Saubhadra–Lakṣmaṇa-saṃyoga and Kaurava Counter-Encirclement

दृष्टवा रुक्मरथं रुग्णं पुत्र शल्यस्य मानिनम्‌ । जीवग्राहं जिघृक्षन्तं सौभद्रेण यशस्विना,राजन! राजा शल्यके अभिमानी पुत्र रुक्मरथको जो अभिमन्युको जीते-जी पकड़ना चाहता था, यशस्वी सुभद्राकुमारके द्वारा मारा गया देख शल्यपुत्रके बहुत-से मित्र राजकुमार, जो प्रहार करनेमें कुशल और युद्धमें उनन्‍्मत्त होकर लड़नेवाले थे, अर्जुनकुमारको चारों ओरसे घेरकर बाणोंकी वर्षा करने लगे। उनके ध्वज सुवर्णके बने हुए थे, वे महाबली वीर चार हाथके धनुष खींच रहे थे

sañjaya uvāca | dṛṣṭvā rukmarathaṁ rugṇaṁ putraṁ śalyasya māninam | jīvagrāhaṁ jighṛkṣantaṁ saubhadreṇa yaśasvinā ||

सञ्जय उवाच—दृष्ट्वा रुक्मरथं रुग्णं शल्यपुत्रं मानिनम्, सौभद्रेण यशस्विना जीवग्राहं जिघृक्षन्तं निहतं, तस्य बहवो मित्रराजकुमाराः प्रहारकुशलाः संग्रामोन्मत्ताः, अर्जुनपुत्रं सर्वतः परिवेष्ट्य शरवर्षं मुमुचुः।

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-भाव
रुक्मरथम्Rukmaratha (name)
रुक्मरथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरुक्मरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रुग्णम्wounded, injured
रुग्णम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरुग्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शल्यस्यof Śalya
शल्यस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मानिनम्proud, self-regarding
मानिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमानिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जीवग्राहम्alive-capture (taking alive)
जीवग्राहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीवग्राह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जिघृक्षन्तम्wishing to seize/capture
जिघृक्षन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
Formशतृ (present active participle) with desiderative stem, Present (vartamāna), Parasmaipada, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
सौभद्रेणby the son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu)
सौभद्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसौभद्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
यशस्विनाby the glorious/famed one
यशस्विना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootयशस्विन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
Rukmaratha
Ś
Śalya
S
Saubhadra (Abhimanyu)
S
Subhadrā
A
alive-capture (jīvagrāha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how prideful aggression, even when framed as a tactical aim like capturing an enemy alive, can lead to ruin in war; fame and prowess (yaśas) are shown as arising from decisive action amid peril, while ethical tension remains between restraint and lethal necessity.

Sañjaya reports that Rukmaratha, the proud son of Śalya, attempted to seize Abhimanyu alive, but was struck down by the renowned Saubhadra; it is a brief battlefield notice marking a reversal for the attacker and the continuing intensity around Abhimanyu.