Shloka 21
Devanagari script
एते शब्दा भृशं तीव्रा: प्रवृत्ता: कुरुसागरे
Transliteration
ete śabdā bhṛśaṃ tīvrāḥ pravṛttāḥ kurusāgare
Translation
एते शब्दा भृशं तीव्राः प्रवृत्ताः कुरुसागरे—
Word by Word
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शब्दाःsounds, noises
शब्दाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भृशम्exceedingly, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
तीव्राःfierce, intense
तीव्राः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतीव्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रवृत्ताःarisen, set in motion, occurred
प्रवृत्ताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, —, —, Past passive participle (क्त)
कुरुसागरेin the Kuru-ocean (i.e., the Kuru host/army likened to an ocean)
कुरुसागरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुसागर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Characters & Entities
Y
YudhiṣṭhiraK
Kuru (host/army)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights moral sensitivity amid war: even when duty compels battle, a righteous leader remains alert to the suffering and disorder signaled by harsh, rising sounds, reflecting an ethical conscience rather than indifference.
Yudhiṣṭhira notices a surge of fierce, loud noises spreading across the vast Kuru host—an atmospheric cue of escalating conflict and turmoil on the battlefield.