Shloka 39
Devanagari script
ततो विराट: कुपित: समरे तोमरान् दश
Transliteration
tato virāṭaḥ kupitaḥ samare tomarān daśa
Translation
ततो विराटः कुपितः समरे तोमरान् दश । प्रेषयामास वेगेन द्रोणाय रणमूर्धनि ॥
Word by Word
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable)
विराटःVirāṭ (king Virata)
विराटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविराट्
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्
कुपितःenraged
कुपितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकुपित (कुप् धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
Formपुंलिङ्गः, सप्तमी, एकवचनम्
तोमरान्javelins, spears
तोमरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतोमर
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, बहुवचनम्
दशten
दश:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदशन्/दश (संख्याशब्द)
Formसंख्याविशेषणम्; (तोमरान् इति विशेष्यस्य) बहुवचनार्थे
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
VirāṭaT
tomara (spear/javelin)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The line highlights how anger (krodha) can drive sudden, forceful action in war; ethically, it cautions that unchecked wrath can eclipse discernment and intensify harm, even when one is acting within a warrior’s role.
Sañjaya reports that Virāṭa, provoked in the midst of combat, becomes furious and casts ten tomara-spears at his opponent(s), marking a sharp escalation in the exchange of weapons.