Shloka 39
Śiva’s Battlefield Manifestation and Vyāsa’s Śatarudrīya Exposition (शिवप्रादुर्भावः शतरुद्रीयव्याख्यानम्)
Devanagari script
तावेकरथमारूढौ पितापुत्रौ महारथौ
Transliteration
tāvekārathamārūḍhau pitāputrau mahārathau
Translation
तावेकरथमारूढौ पितापुत्रौ महारथौ ॥
Word by Word
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
एकरथम्on one chariot / single-chariot
एकरथम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootएकरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आरूढौhaving mounted / seated (upon)
आरूढौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-रुह्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रौtwo sons
पुत्रौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
महारथौtwo great chariot-warriors
महारथौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaF
father and son (unnamed in this pāda)S
single chariot (ekaratha)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how familial bonds and inherited duty can operate within the harsh demands of war: father and son act in coordinated unity, suggesting discipline, loyalty, and the weight of lineage even amid ethically fraught conflict.
Sañjaya describes a father and son—both renowned chariot-fighters—riding together on a single chariot, indicating a tactical pairing and close cooperation in the ongoing battle scene.