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Shloka 52

Śalya–Bhīma Gadāyuddham (मद्रराज-भीमसेन गदायुद्धम्)

पौरवस्त्वथ सौभद्रं शरब्रातैरवाकिरत्‌ । तस्यार्जुनिर्ध्वजं छत्र॑ धनुश्वोव्यामपातयत्‌,पौरवने सुभद्राकुमारपर बाणसमूहोंकी वर्षा प्रारम्भ कर दी। यह देख अर्जुनपुत्र अभिमन्युने उनके ध्वज, छत्र और धनुषको काटकर धरतीपर गिरा दिया

sañjaya uvāca |

pauravas tv atha saubhadraṃ śaravrātair avākirat |

tasyārjunir dhvajaṃ chatraṃ dhanuś ca vyāmapātayat ||

सञ्जय उवाच—पौरवस्त्वथ सौभद्रं शरव्रातैरवाकिरत् । तस्यार्जुनिर्ध्वजं छत्रं धनुश्चाव्यपातयत् ॥

पौरवःthe son of Puru / a Paurava (warrior)
पौरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपौरव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
सौभद्रम्Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā)
सौभद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौभद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शरव्रातैःwith clusters/multitudes of arrows
शरव्रातैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशरव्रात
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अवाकिरत्showered, covered (with arrows)
अवाकिरत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव √कॄ (किरति)
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्यof him / his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अर्जुनिःArjuna’s son (Abhimanyu)
अर्जुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ध्वजम्banner/standard
ध्वजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
छत्रम्umbrella/parasol
छत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootछत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उभौboth (two items)
उभौ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
व्याम्downwards, to the ground
व्याम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootव्या (व्यम्/व्याम् as adverbial form)
अपातयत्caused to fall, felled
अपातयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव √पत् (पातयति)
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Yes

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Paurava (Kaurava warriors)
S
Saubhadra (Abhimanyu)
Ā
Ārjuni (Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna)
D
dhvaja (banner/standard)
C
chatra (parasol)
D
dhanuḥ (bow)
Ś
śara (arrows)

Educational Q&A

In battle narratives, dharma is shown through disciplined courage and strategic restraint: rather than mere rage, the hero targets symbols and weapons (banner, parasol, bow) to reduce the enemy’s capacity and morale, reflecting kṣatriya skill directed toward a clear tactical purpose.

Kaurava fighters unleash a dense arrow-shower on Abhimanyu. Abhimanyu responds by striking down their visible emblems of honor (dhvaja, chatra) and their bow, making them fall—signaling a counterstroke that disrupts their formation and confidence.