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Shloka 48

Duryodhana Seeks Droṇa’s Counsel; Imperative to Protect Jayadratha; Pāñcāla Assault on Duryodhana

भरतश्रेष्ठ)] वह शब्द सम्पूर्ण दसों दिशाओंमें व्याप्त होकर वहीं कौरव-पाण्डव सेनाओंमें प्रतिध्वनित होता रहा ।। तावका रथिनस्तत्र दृष्टवा कृष्णधनंजयौ । सम्भ्रमं परमं प्राप्तास्त्वरमाणा महारथा:

bharataśreṣṭha, sa śabdaḥ samasta-daśa-diśaḥ vyāptvā tatraiva kaurava-pāṇḍava-senāsu pratidhvanita eva abhavat. tāvakā rathinaḥ tatra dṛṣṭvā kṛṣṇa-dhanañjayau, sambhramaṁ paramaṁ prāptāḥ, tvaramāṇā mahārathāḥ.

भरतश्रेष्ठ, स शब्दो दश दिक्षु समन्ताद् व्याप्तः सन् तत्रैव कौरवपाण्डवसेनयोर्मध्ये प्रतिध्वनितोऽभवत्। तत्र कृष्णधनञ्जयौ दृष्ट्वा तावका रथिनो महारथाः परमसम्भ्रममापन्नास्त्वरमाणाः समभ्यधावन्॥

तावकाःyour (i.e., Kaurava) men
तावकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
कृष्णधनंजयौKrishna and Dhananjaya (Arjuna)
कृष्णधनंजयौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण-धनंजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
सम्भ्रमम्confusion, agitation
सम्भ्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसम्भ्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परमम्supreme, extreme
परमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्ताःhaving attained / having fallen into
प्राप्ताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
त्वरमाणाःhastening
त्वरमाणाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootत्वर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address bharataśreṣṭha)
K
Kṛṣṇa
D
Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
K
Kaurava army
P
Pāṇḍava army
T
ten directions (daśa diśaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how the moral and strategic weight of righteous leadership can affect an entire battlefield: the mere presence of Kṛṣṇa with Arjuna unsettles opponents, showing that courage and clarity on one side can generate fear and confusion on the other.

A powerful sound spreads and reverberates across the battlefield. In that charged moment, Kaurava chariot-warriors notice Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna and, struck by intense alarm, rush forward in agitation—signaling a sudden escalation and reaction to their appearance.