Shloka 21

केशव: परमं तेज: सर्वलोकपितामह: । एनमाहुर्ईषीकेशं मुनयो वै नराधिप,नरेश्वर! सम्पूर्ण लोकोंके पितामह भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्ण परम तेज हैं। मुनिजन इन्हें हृषीकेश कहते हैं

keśavaḥ paramaṃ tejaḥ sarvalokapitāmahaḥ | enam āhur hṛṣīkeśaṃ munayo vai narādhipa naraśvara ||

भीष्म उवाच—केशवः परमं तेजः सर्वलोकपितामहः। एनमाहुर्हृषीकेशं मुनयो वै नराधिप॥

केशवःKeshava (Krishna)
केशवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परमम्supreme
परमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तेजःsplendor, brilliance
तेजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वलोकपितामहःgrandfather (progenitor) of all worlds
सर्वलोकपितामहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वलोकपितामह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एनम्him (this one)
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey call / they have said
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
हृषीकेशम्Hrishikesha (Krishna)
हृषीकेशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहृषीकेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मुनयःsages
मुनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
नराधिपO king (lord of men)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरेश्वरO ruler of men
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
Kṛṣṇa
K
Keśava
H
Hṛṣīkeśa
M
munis (sages)
N
narādhipa/naraśvara (the king addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates Kṛṣṇa as the supreme, cosmic source and emphasizes his title Hṛṣīkeśa—master of the senses—implying that true sovereignty and ethical steadiness arise from inner mastery and recognition of the divine order.

Bhīṣma addresses the king and identifies Kṛṣṇa with exalted epithets, citing the sages’ testimony. It functions as a reverential characterization of Kṛṣṇa’s status and authority within the unfolding war narrative.