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Shloka 31

भीष्मधनंजयद्वैरथम्

Bhīṣma–Dhanaṃjaya Duel and the Opening Clash

अभ्यवर्तत पाज्चाल्य: संयुक्त: सह सोमकै: । तदनन्तर गंगानन्दन भीष्मका प्रिय करनेमें लगे हुए महाधनुर्धर द्रोणाचार्यपर सोमकोंसहित धृष्टद्युम्नने आक्रमण किया ।। ३० ई ।। भीष्मस्तु रथिनां श्रेष्ठी राजन्‌ विव्याध पाण्डवम्‌

abhyávartata pāñcālyaḥ saṁyuktaḥ saha somakaiḥ | tadanantaraṁ gaṅgānandana-bhīṣmaka-priya-karaṇeṣu lagne mahādhanuṣdhare droṇācārye somakaiḥ saha dhṛṣṭadyumno 'bhyākrāmat || bhīṣmas tu rathināṁ śreṣṭhī rājan vivyādha pāṇḍavam ||

अभ्यवर्तत पाञ्चाल्यः संयुक्तः सह सोमकैः । भीष्मस्तु रथिनां श्रेष्ठी राजन् विव्याध पाण्डवम् ॥

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
रथिनाम्of chariot-warriors
रथिनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
श्रेष्ठीthe best/excellent one
श्रेष्ठी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेष्ठिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विव्याधpierced/wounded
विव्याध:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यध्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पाण्डवम्the Pandava (one of the Pandavas)
पाण्डवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
P
Pāñcālya (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
S
Somakas
G
Gaṅgānandana (Bhīṣma)
D
Droṇācārya
P
Pāṇḍava

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the battlefield ethic of loyalty and duty: Droṇa acts in a way meant to support and please his commander Bhīṣma, while Dhrishtadyumna presses his vowed enmity against Droṇa. It underscores how personal vows, allegiance, and role-based dharma shape conduct in war.

Dhrishtadyumna, supported by the Somakas, advances and attacks Droṇa while Droṇa is engaged in actions aligned with Bhīṣma’s interests. In response within the broader clash, Bhīṣma—preeminent among chariot-fighters—wounds a Pāṇḍava with arrows.