Shloka 15

कर्मयोग–ज्ञानयज्ञ–अवतारोपदेश

Karma-Yoga, Jñāna-Yajña, and Avatāra Instruction

Devanagari script

यं हि न व्यथयन्त्येते पुरुष पुरुषर्षभ । समदुःखसुखं धीरं सो$मृतत्वाय कल्पते

Transliteration

yaṁ hi na vyathayanty ete puruṣa puruṣarṣabha | samaduḥkhasukhaṁ dhīraṁ so ’mṛtatvāya kalpate ||

Translation

यं हि न व्यथयन्त्येते पुरुषं पुरुषर्षभ । समदुःखसुखं धीरं सोऽमृतत्वाय कल्पते ॥

Word by Word

• यम्: whom
• यम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• हि: indeed/for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• व्यथयन्ति: afflict/disturb
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यथ्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पुरुष: O man
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• पुरुषर्षभ: O bull among men (best of men)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुषर्षभ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• समदुःखसुखम्: equal in pain and pleasure
• समदुःखसुखम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समदुःखसुख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धीरम्: steadfast/wise
• धीरम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धीर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अमृतत्वाय: for immortality (liberation)
• अमृतत्वाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमृतत्व
• Form: Neuter, Dative, Singular

• कल्पते: is fit/qualifies
• Type: Verb
• Root: कॢप्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• puruṣa (the person addressed)
• puruṣarṣabha (best of men)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A person who is not shaken by sense-experiences and who maintains equanimity in pleasure and pain is spiritually mature and becomes qualified for liberation (amṛtatva/mokṣa).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the discourse narrated by Sanjaya, a teaching is being stated about inner steadiness: amid the pressures of experience (especially relevant in the war setting), the ideal person remains undisturbed and thus becomes fit for the highest goal.