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Shloka 10

Chapter 19: Prativyūha of the Pāṇḍavas — Vajra (Acala) Formation and Dawn Omens

यं दृष्टवा कुरव: सर्वे दुर्योधनपुरोगमा: । निवर्तिष्यन्ति संत्रस्ता: सिंहं क्षुद्रमगा यथा,'जैसे सिंहको देखते ही क्षुद्र मृम भयभीत होकर भाग उठते हैं, उसी प्रकार इन्हें देखकर दुर्योधन आदि समस्त कौरव त्रस्त होकर पीछे लौट जायूँगे

yaṁ dṛṣṭvā kuravaḥ sarve duryodhana-purogamāḥ | nivartiṣyanti saṁtrastāḥ siṁhaṁ kṣudra-mṛgā yathā ||

यं दृष्ट्वा कुरवः सर्वे दुर्योधनपुरोगमाः । निवर्तिष्यन्ति संत्रस्ताः सिंहं क्षुद्रमृगा यथा ॥

यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
कुरवःthe Kurus
कुरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दुर्योधन-पुरोगमाःwith Duryodhana in front / led by Duryodhana
दुर्योधन-पुरोगमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्योधन + पुरोगम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निवर्तिष्यन्तिwill turn back / will retreat
निवर्तिष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + वृत्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
संत्रस्ताःterrified
संत्रस्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + त्रस्
FormPast Passive Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
सिंहम्a lion
सिंहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
क्षुद्र-मृगाःsmall animals (lit. petty deer/animals)
क्षुद्र-मृगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुद्र + मृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाas / just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kurus (Kauravas)
D
Duryodhana
L
lion (siṁha)
S
small beasts/deer (kṣudra-mṛga)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how arrogance and collective bravado can dissolve into fear when confronted by genuine strength; ethically, it suggests that confidence rooted in adharma is unstable and easily shaken.

Sañjaya describes the anticipated reaction of Duryodhana and the Kaurava host: upon seeing a particular formidable warrior, they will recoil and retreat, compared to small animals fleeing a lion.