Shloka 23

दुःशला बालमादाय नप्तारं प्रययौ तदा । सुरथस्य सुतं वीर॑ रथेनाथागमत्‌ तदा

Vaiśampāyana uvāca |

Duḥśalā bālam ādāya naptāraṃ prayayau tadā |

Surathasya sutaṃ vīra rathenāthāgamat tadā ||

दुःशला बालमादाय नप्तारं प्रययौ तदा। सुरथस्य सुतो वीरः रथेनाथागमत् तदा॥

दुःशलाDuhshala (proper name)
दुःशला:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःशला
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
बालम्the child
बालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आदायhaving taken
आदाय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + दा
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage as indeclinable gerund)
नप्तारम्grandson
नप्तारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनप्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रययौwent forth / departed
प्रययौ:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + या
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
सुरथस्यof Suratha
सुरथस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसुरथ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सुतम्son
सुतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वीरO hero
वीर:
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
रथेनby/with a chariot
रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अथthen / thereafter
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आगमत्came / arrived
आगमत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + गम्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Duḥśalā
N
naptā (grandson/child)
S
Suratha
S
Suratha’s son
R
ratha (chariot)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharma expressed as familial responsibility: safeguarding and guiding the vulnerable (a child/heir) is a moral imperative, and timely support from capable allies (a heroic charioteer/warrior figure) reinforces social order and protection of lineage.

Duḥśalā departs while carrying her grandson (the child). At the same time, the son of Suratha—described as heroic—arrives in a chariot, suggesting an encounter or assistance connected with Duḥśalā’s movement and the child’s protection.