Shloka 23

प्राणादाने निवृत्तोडसि हिंसायां वर्तते भवान्‌ | नास्ति चेष्टा विना हिंसां कि वा त्वं मन्यसे द्विज,प्राणो जिह्ठा मन: सत्त्वं सद्भावो रजसा सह । भावैरेतैविंमुक्तस्य निर्दधन्द्स्य निराशिष: प्राण, जिह्ला, मन और रजोगुणसहित सत्त्वगगुण--ये रज अर्थात्‌ मायासहित सद्धाव हैं। इन भावोंसे मुक्त निर्दन्द्ध, निष्काम, समस्त प्राणियोंके प्रति समभाव रखनेवाले, ममतारहित, जितात्मा तथा सब ओरसे बन्धनशून्य पुरुषको कभी और कहीं भी भय नहीं होता

prāṇādāne nivṛtto 'si hiṁsāyāṁ vartate bhavān | nāsti ceṣṭā vinā hiṁsāṁ kiṁ vā tvaṁ manyase dvija || prāṇo jihvā manaḥ sattvaṁ sadbhāvo rajasā saha | bhāvair etair vimuktasya nirdvandvasya nirāśiṣaḥ ||

ब्राह्मण उवाच—प्राणादाने निवृत्तोऽसि हिंसायां वर्तते भवान्। नास्ति चेष्टा विना हिंसां किं वा त्वं मन्यसे द्विज॥ प्राणो जिह्वा मनः सत्त्वं सद्भावो रजसा सह। भावैरेतैर्विमुक्तस्य निर्द्वन्द्वस्य निराशिषः॥

प्राणादानेin taking life/breath (i.e., in killing)
प्राणादाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण-आदान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
निवृत्तःwithdrawn, refraining
निवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उदासिindifferent, unconcerned
उदासि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउदास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिंसायाम्in violence
हिंसायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहिंसा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
वर्ततेacts, proceeds, is engaged
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
भवान्you (honorific)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिthere is
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
चेष्टाactivity, effort
चेष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचेष्टा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विनाwithout
विना:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना
हिंसाम्violence
हिंसाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहिंसा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor/indeed
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
मन्यसेyou think
मन्यसे:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Atmanepada
द्विजO twice-born (brahmin)
द्विज:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्राणःbreath, life-force
प्राणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जिह्वाtongue
जिह्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजिह्वा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सत्त्वम्sattva (purity/being)
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सद्भावःtrue nature, good disposition
सद्भावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसद्भाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रजसाwith rajas (passion/dust)
रजसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
भावैःby/with these states
भावैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
एतैःby these
एतैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विमुक्तस्यof one freed/released
विमुक्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootविमुक्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
निर्दहन्burning up (destroying)
निर्दहन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्दह्
FormPresent participle, Parasmaipada, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
द्वेष्यthat which is to be hated / hateful (object of hatred)
द्वेष्य:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वेष्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निराशिषःdesireless, without expectations
निराशिषः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिराशिष्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

ब्राह्मण उवाच

ब्राह्मण (Brahmin speaker)
द्विज (addressed interlocutor)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that embodied action inevitably entails some harm, so ethical life cannot be reduced to mere external non-killing; true freedom is inner—release from compulsive impulses (mind, speech/taste, vital drives and guṇas), becoming desireless and beyond dualities, which yields fearlessness.

A Brahmin addresses a ‘dvija’ in a reflective dialogue on dharma, challenging a simplistic claim of non-violence by pointing out that ordinary activity still participates in harm, and then describing the liberated person who transcends such binding dispositions.