Chatra–Upānah Dāna: Origin Narrative
Jamadagni–Reṇukā–Sūrya Saṃvāda
ते निश्चितास्तत्र महर्षयस्तु सम्पश्यन्तो धर्ममेतं नरेन्द्रा: । ततो5शपन्त शपथान् पर्ययेण सहैव ते पार्थिव पुत्रपौत्रै:
te niścitās tatra maharṣayas tu sampaśyanto dharmam etaṁ narendrāḥ | tato 'śapanta śapathān paryayeṇa sahaiva te pārthiva putrapautraiḥ pṛthvīnātha | tad-anantaraṁ vai maharṣi tathā nareśagaṇaḥ tatra kiñcid niścayaṁ kṛtvā asmin dharme dṛṣṭiṁ nidhāya putra-pautra-sahitaḥ paryāyeṇa śapathān aśnuvan |
ते तत्र महर्षयः पार्थिवाश्च निश्चयं कृत्वा, एतं धर्मं सम्पश्यन्तः, ततः पर्ययेण शपथान् अशपन्त—सहैव पुत्रैः पौत्रैश्च।
भीष्म उवाच
Dharma is to be upheld not merely by personal intention but through binding commitments; rulers and sages publicly affirm ethical duty through oaths, ensuring continuity of righteous conduct across generations.
Bhishma describes a scene where sages and kings, after arriving at a decision and reflecting on the dharma in question, take oaths one by one, accompanied by their sons and grandsons, thereby formalizing their commitment.