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Shloka 90

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

भारत! वेदज्ञ पुरुष अपना प्रिय हो या अप्रिय--इसका विचार न करके उसे श्राद्धमें भोजन कराना चाहिये। जो दस लाख अपात्र ब्राह्मगको भोजन कराता है

bhīṣma uvāca | bhārata! vedajñaḥ puruṣaḥ svapriyo vā apriyo veti vicāram akṛtvā taṁ śrāddhe bhojayet | yo daśa-lakṣam apātra-brāhmaṇān bhojayati, tasya gṛhe teṣāṁ sarveṣāṁ badale eka eva sadā saṁtuṣṭaḥ vedajña-brāhmaṇaḥ bhojanādhikārī | arthāt lakṣaśo mūrkhānāṁ apekṣayā ekaṁ satpātra-brāhmaṇaṁ bhojayitum uttamam ||

भारत! वेदज्ञं पुरुषं प्रियं वा यदि वा अप्रियम्—इति न विचिन्त्य—श्राद्धे भोजयेत्। यः दशलक्षान् अपात्रान् भोजयति, तेषां सर्वेषां स्थाने सन्तुष्टो वेदपारगः सत्पात्रो ब्राह्मण एक एव तस्य गृहे भोजनीयः; बहूनामयोग्यानां स्थाने एकस्य योग्यस्य भोजनं श्रेष्ठम्।

भारतO Bharata
भारत:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वेदज्ञःknower of the Veda
वेदज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवेदज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःa man
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वम्one's own (person)
स्वम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootस्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रियम्dear, pleasing
प्रियम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अप्रियम्not dear, displeasing
अप्रियम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रिय
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
विचारम्consideration, thought
विचारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविचार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृत्वाhaving done (having considered)
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्राद्धेin the śrāddha rite
श्राद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भोजनम्food, meal
भोजनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भोजयेत्should feed
भोजयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दशलक्षान्ten lakhs (one million)
दशलक्षान्:
Karma
TypeNoun/Adjective (numeral)
Rootदशलक्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपात्रान्unworthy (recipients)
अपात्रान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपात्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
ब्राह्मणान्Brahmins
ब्राह्मणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भोजयतिfeeds
भोजयति:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent (Lat), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
गृहेin (his) house
गृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तेषाम्of those (people)
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
बदलेin place of (Hindi; not Sanskrit)
बदले:
TypeIndeclinable
एकःone
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective (numeral)
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
सन्तुष्टःcontent, satisfied
सन्तुष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसन्तुष्ट
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदज्ञःVeda-knowing
वेदज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवेदज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भोजनस्यof the meal / of eating
भोजनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अधिकारीentitled, qualified person
अधिकारी:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअधिकारी
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिis/becomes
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent (Lat), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharata (Yudhiṣṭhira)
V
Veda
B
Brahmin
Ś
Śrāddha

Educational Q&A

In śrāddha and religious giving, the recipient’s worthiness and Vedic competence matter more than quantity. One truly qualified, content, Veda-knowing Brahmin is ethically and ritually superior to feeding vast numbers of unworthy recipients.

Bhishma, instructing Yudhiṣṭhira in the Anuśāsana Parva’s teachings on gifts and śrāddha, lays down a practical rule: do not choose a śrāddha recipient based on personal likes or dislikes; prioritize a satpātra—especially a Veda-knower—over many apātras.