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Shloka 34

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

क्योंकि इस प्रकार जो कन्याके लिये आभूषण लेकर कन्यादान किया जाता है, वह न तो मूल्य है और न विक्रय ही; इसलिये कन्याके लिये कोई वस्तु स्वीकार करके कन्याका दान करना सनातन धर्म है ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | evaṃ hi yā kanyāyāḥ kṛte bhūṣaṇāni gṛhītvā kanyādānaṃ kriyate, na tat mūlyaṃ na ca vikrayaḥ; tasmāt kanyāyāḥ kṛte kiñcid vastu pratigṛhya kanyādānaṃ sanātano dharmaḥ || dāsyāmi bhavate kanyām iti pūrvaṃ na bhāṣitam | ye cāhuyeṃ ca nāhuyeṃ ye cāvaśyaṃ vadanty uta, teṣāṃ sarveṣāṃ vacanāni kanyā-dānāt pūrvaṃ na uktavat-tulyāni ||

अलंकारग्रहणं यत् तु कन्यादाने विधीयते। न तच्छुल्कं न विक्रयः, तस्मात् किञ्चिदुपहारं प्रतिगृह्य कन्यादानं सनातनधर्मः॥ “दास्यामि भवते कन्याम्” इति पूर्वं न भाषितम्। ये चाहुयुः ये न चाहुयुः ये चावश्यं वदन्ति च—कन्याप्रदानात् पूर्वं तेषां वचनं सर्वं निबन्धनं न भवति॥

दास्यामिI will give
दास्यामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
Formलृट् (simple future), परस्मैपदम्, उत्तम, एकवचनम्
भवतेto you (sir)
भवते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभवत्
Formपुंलिङ्गः, चतुर्थी, एकवचनम्
कन्याम्a daughter/maiden
कन्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
इतिthus/“...”, (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
पूर्वम्before/previously
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भाषितम्spoken/said
भाषितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभाष् (भाषणे)
Formक्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्
येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आहुःthey say/said
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रू/वचने; ‘आह’ इति परोक्षभूतार्थे)
Formलिट् (perfect; narrative past), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम, बहुवचनम्
येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आहुःthey say/said
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रू/वचने; ‘आह’ इति परोक्षभूतार्थे)
Formलिट् (perfect; narrative past), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम, बहुवचनम्
येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अवश्यम्certainly/necessarily
अवश्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअवश्य
वदन्तिthey say
वदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (वचने)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम, बहुवचनम्
उतalso/indeed (emphatic)
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
kanyā (maiden/daughter)
B
bhūṣaṇa (ornaments)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma distinguishes customary marriage gifts (like ornaments for the bride) from a commercial sale: accepting such items does not make the maiden a commodity. He also teaches that verbal assurances about giving a daughter are not fully binding until the formal act of kanyādāna is actually performed.

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma is instructing Yudhishthira on dharma. Here he addresses norms around marriage arrangements: what counts as legitimate customary giving, and how to evaluate spoken promises about giving a maiden before the marriage rite is completed.