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Shloka 18

अतः: पर प्रवक्ष्यामि लोकानां कर्मसाक्षिण:

ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi lokānāṃ karmasākṣiṇaḥ

अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि लोकानां कर्मसाक्षिणः। अदृश्याः सन्तः सदा भूतानां शुभाशुभकर्माणि पश्यन्ति, यज्ञदानसुकृतानां तत्त्वं च जानन्ति। ते मृत्युः कालो विश्वेदेवाः मूर्तिमन्तश्च पितरः। एतेभ्यश्च तपस्विनो मुनयः सिद्धा महर्षयश्च तपोमोक्षपरायणाः सर्वलोकहितदृष्टयः। ते सर्वे नामकीर्तनपरायणानां मनुष्याणां शुभं फलं प्रयच्छन्ति।

अतःtherefore/from this
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
परम्further/next
परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपर
प्रवक्ष्यामिI shall declare/tell
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormLṛṭ (simple future), 1st, singular, Parasmaipada
लोकानाम्of the worlds/of people
लोकानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
कर्मof action/deeds
कर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, genitive, singular
साक्षिणःwitnesses
साक्षिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Mṛtyu
K
Kāla
V
Viśvedevas
P
Pitṛgaṇa (Pitṛs)
M
Munis (ascetic sages)
S
Siddha Maharṣis

Educational Q&A

Actions are not morally private: unseen cosmic principles and divine/ancestral beings (and also realized sages) continually witness beings’ good and bad deeds. Remembering and honoring these witnesses—especially through name-recitation—supports ethical living and yields auspicious results.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma. Here he introduces a set of ‘witnesses of karma’—Mṛtyu, Kāla, the Viśvedevas, and the Pitṛs—and adds that ascetics and perfected seers also watch the world with goodwill, granting benefits to those who praise them.