Shloka 3

Sūtaka-Nirṇaya: Causes, Duration, Exceptions, and Purification Protocols

उभयत्र दशाहानि कुलस्यान्नं विवर्जियेत् / दानं प्रतिग्रहो होमः स्वाध्यायश्च निवर्तते

ubhayatra daśāhāni kulasyānnaṃ vivarjiyet / dānaṃ pratigraho homaḥ svādhyāyaśca nivartate

उभयत्र दशाहानि कुलपाकान्नं परित्यजेत्; तावत्काले दानं प्रतिग्रहः होमः स्वाध्यायश्च निवर्तन्ते।

ubhayatrain both cases
ubhayatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootubhaya (प्रातिपदिक) + tra (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय); adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) ‘in both cases/places’
daśa-ahānifor ten days
daśa-ahāni:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdaśa (प्रातिपदिक) + ahan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Plural (बहुवचन); द्विगु: ‘ten days’ used as duration
kulasyaof the family
kulasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkula (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)
annamfood
annam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootanna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)
vivarjiyetshould avoid
vivarjiyet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√vṛj (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
dānamgiving (charity)
dānam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
pratigrahaḥaccepting (gifts)
pratigrahaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprati-graha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
homaḥfire-offering
homaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roothoma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
svādhyāyaḥself-study (Vedic recitation)
svādhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsvādhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय); conjunction (समुच्चय)
nivartateceases; is suspended
nivartate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√vṛt (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda)

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Ten-day aśauca window (daśāha) during which certain rites are suspended.

Concept: During aśauca, certain acts (dāna, pratigraha, homa, svādhyāya) are paused; food discipline preserves ritual order.

Vedantic Theme: Adhikāra (eligibility) for sacred acts depends on śauca; dharma regulates conduct to support inner sattva.

Application: Observe the prescribed ten-day abstention from family-cooked food and pause formal ritual/recitation until purification is complete.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Type: household

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Preta/Śrāddha sections): aśauca and śrāddha eligibility rules; Garuda Purana: duties of survivors during impurity period

G
Garuda
V
Vishnu

FAQs

This verse states that for ten days certain dharmic acts—charity, accepting gifts, homa, and Vedic study—are paused, and the family’s cooked food is avoided, marking a defined mourning/impurity observance.

Indirectly, it sets the ritual and ethical boundaries for the living during the immediate post-death period, a time understood in the Preta Kanda as critical for orderly rites that support the departed’s transition.

Observe a focused mourning discipline: simplify daily religious routines as prescribed, avoid formal donations/acceptance and major ritual performances, and prioritize the appropriate post-death rites and family restraint for the stated period.