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Shloka 13

Saṃsāra-cakra, Preta’s 12-day Transit to Yama, Re-embodiment, and Karma-Vipāka Catalog of Sins and Rebirths

Devanagari script

नरकात्प्रतिमुक्तस्तु कृमिर्भवति याचकः / उपाध्यायव्यलीकं तु कृत्वा श्वा भवति द्विज

Transliteration

narakātpratimuktastu kṛmirbhavati yācakaḥ / upādhyāyavyalīkaṃ tu kṛtvā śvā bhavati dvija

Translation

नरकात् प्रतिमुक्तो याचकः कृमिर्भवति। उपाध्यायस्य व्यलीकं कृत्वा द्विजः श्वा भवति॥

Word by Word
नरकात्from hell
नरकात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootनरक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), एकवचन; Ablative singular (from hell)
प्रतिमुक्तःreleased, freed
प्रतिमुक्तः:
Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रति√मुच् (धातु) → प्रतिमुक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Past passive participle: 'released'
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), विरोध/अन्वयार्थे; emphatic/contrastive particle
कृमिःworm
कृमिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकृमि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular
भवतिbecomes
भवति:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Present indicative 3rd sg
याचकःbeggar
याचकः:
Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-समानााधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootयाचक (प्रातिपदिक; √याच् + ण्वुल्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular (apposition)
उपाध्यायव्यलीकम्deceit/falsehood toward the teacher
उपाध्यायव्यलीकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootउपाध्याय (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यलीक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (उपाध्यायस्य व्यलीकम्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Kriya (पूर्वक्रिया/पूर्वकर्म)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√कृ (धातु) → कृत्वा (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund); having done
श्वाdog
श्वा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; irregular stem श्वन् → श्वा (Nom. sg.)
भवतिbecomes
भवति:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
द्विजO twice-born (brahmin)
द्विज:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Vocative singular
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vainateya)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Specific adharma yields specific post-hell rebirth (yoni) as karmic residue; guru-droha is especially degrading.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-bandha and saṃskāra-vāsanā shaping embodiment; ethical purity as prerequisite for higher pursuits.

Application: Maintain integrity toward one’s teacher; avoid deceit and exploitation; cultivate gratitude and discipline in learning relationships.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Geographic Context

Type: cosmic moral realm leading to animal/low birth

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: yoni-bhramana lists of sins and rebirths (adjacent verses in 1.225); Garuda Purana on guru-apacāra as mahāpātaka-like offense (elsewhere in dharma sections)

Characters & Entities
N
Naraka
U
Upadhyaya
D
Dvija

FAQs

This verse treats wrongdoing toward one’s upādhyāya as a grave moral breach that leads to a degrading rebirth (as a dog), emphasizing reverence, honesty, and fidelity in the teacher–student relationship.

It indicates that punishment in Naraka is not the end: after release, the jīva may still take lower births according to residual karma—here, wormhood for a beggar’s karmic condition and doghood for deceit toward one’s teacher.

Practice integrity in learning and mentorship: avoid exploiting teachers, misrepresenting knowledge, or engaging in deceit; cultivate honest livelihood and compassionate conduct to reduce harmful karmic outcomes.

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